| Constellation Months: | (10) Capricornus | (9) Sagittarius | (8) Scorpius | (7) Libra | (6) Virgo | (5) Leo |
| (4) Cancer | (3) Gemini | (2) Taurus | (1) Aries | (12) Pisces | (11) Aquarius |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14th day is Passover; 15th-21st day is the Feast of Unleavened Bread; 16th Day of Firstfruits. Abib, (Exodus 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Deut. 16:1, "the Sacred Year began in the Spring" (Mar-April). (Aries) Renamed as Nisan (Neh. 2:1; Ester 3:7 1st month, Ni'-san in the spring). Akkadian nissanu same as the Sum. BAR.ZAG.GAR (Sum. BAR, "month"), but as seen in the Sum. UR.BAR.RA, "the seed of heavenly plow." Also note ezem-luga-uru-bar-ra seen under Early Semitic in Taurus and itu-lugal-uru-bar seen on Capricornus under the Sumerian Calendar. Sum. nisag2: governor; first fruits (offering) (ní, 'self; vigor', + sag, 'first'). "The Month To Work To Separate The Barley." Akkadian Baraziggar, "The Altar (Sacrifice) of Making Right." As seen in Aries under the Calendar of Nippur we see 1 Bara za Nar or bara-zag-gar, which means Throne of the Sanctuary. Also in Aries under Ordinary-Secondary Nippurian is listed as bdr-zag-gar ma.4-(712-kur 1 bdr-zag-gar at Nippur and in later times, is the name of a fixed star. The Babylonia Arah Nisanu, "Month of the Sanctuary," refers to Aries as KU. The Vernal Equinox season is called Res Satti. As seen in Aries constellation names is the Babylonian Agaru (Aries) "The messenger of the New Year." J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian source for the 28 lunar mansion names listed as Babylonian #3 Arkűšarîšu-ku. One source claims that Arku-shar-risku-ku, means "the back of the head of Ku." Whereas the Akkadian argu, means "The Hired Man." The Canaanite month is Abib, a derivation: "move," "start," is the first month of the ecclesiastical year or the vernal equinox, and in the OT is called "fresh ear" [of grain]. ------ Sum. iti še-kin-[ku5] and she-kin-[ku5] Sum. she, barley, and Sum. ku, "to eat," or "determiner." ------ Sum. še-kin-ku5: or she-kin-[ku5] (barley + task + to cut). In Pisces under Calendar of Nippur is se-kin-ku, also under New Elba is se-kin-ku and se-kin-ku 2, and under the Amorite-Esununa is Kinkum, and in Aries under the Amorite-Subat-Enlil is se-kin-ku, in Taurus under Sulgi/Ur III is diri-se-kin-ku. |
----- 7 |
Vernal Equinox begins - March 21 Aries Mar. 21-Apr.19 Spring rains, melting snow, barley and flax harvested. ----- Feb. 14 Mar. 15 ----- Mar. 16 Apr. 14 ----- Mar. 30 Apr. 28 |
----- 4: Nisan (Aries) |
----- Ishara ----- buru-mas (Seen at Sulgi/Ur III in Cancer) ezem-se-gu-nanse (See on Taurus in Sumerian Calendar and also Taurus under Early Semitic) ee-kin-ku-ra |
Month 1: itu-she-gur-ku "the month of cutting barley" ----- 11a: se-kin-a ----- se-kin-a |
1 Bara za Nar or bara-zag-gar - Throne of the Sanctuary, is the first month of the year, the New Year celebration is on the first day of the new moon after the Vernal Equinox. Deity is Nisaba (Nidaba). |
ezen-.4e-kur- d' nina* gan-mag !gan nma The pre-Sargonic term is ezen-ge-kur dnina; where the gan-nias is eaten at the feast of [,4e]-kur- dnina. The restoration appears to be certain since the only other restoration possible is [dim]-kur- dnin and ezen-.e--kur- dnia follows ge-il-la the last month. At Lagash from the period of Sargon to the end of the dynasty of Ur is gan-ma; gan-maS is food portioned out to attendants of the king, fishermen, bakers etc., and the name refers to the month of the eating of gan-mag. Claimed to be in Aug.-Sept. |
bdr-zag-gar ma.4-(712-kur 1 bdr-zag-gar at Nippur and in later times, is the name of a fixed star. The earlier pre-Sargonic name is itu mul bar-sag e-ta-gub-a-a, month when the star Barsag sets. bara-zag-gar-ra is a month of harvest, where farmers returns barley. |
----- a. Sip’im ----- 1: Niggalum se-kin-ku (In Pisces under Calendar of Nippur is se-kin-ku, also under New Elba is se-kin-ku and se-kin-ku 2, and under the Amorite-Esununa is Kinkum, and in Aries in Volume III is Sumerian iti se-kin-[ku5], and in Taurus under Sulgi/Ur III is diri-se-kin-ku) ----- Sibutum (Aries) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14th day of Ziv is Later Passover, Zif (1 Kings 6:1, 37, 2nd month") (Taurus) Replaced by Heb. Iyar or Iyyar ("month of flowers"). Akkadian Ajaru, very similar to Ijar. The Babylonian name is Arah Aru, "Month of the Bull." As seen in Taurus Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: Babylonian #5 Pidnu, Babylonian #6 Surnarkabtišailtânu, Babylonian #7 Surnarkabtišašutu. In Arabic #4 Dabarân, Aldebaran, Al Dabaran, "Follower," all associated with the Hyades. Babylonian #4, Temennu, which is Euphratean Te, from Timmena, "foundation-stone," or "Bull-of-the-Foundation" of the sky. In Arabic #3 Thurayyâ, Azoraya, Al Thurayya, "Many Little Ones," or "Abundance." Some claim that this represents Pleiades, the star cluster above Taurus. Seen on Orion Star names is l Meissa or Meis'sa, means "shining" or "sparkling one," marking the head (or beard of Orion). It also has Arabic name Al-Maisan, means "The shining one." Other sources call this star Hek'a, "white spot," and the Arabic Al-Haq'ah, "The white spot." Arabic #5 Haq'a, Almices, Al Hak'ah, Al Hakah, "White Spot." The Canaanite month is Ziv, a derivation is "to be bright," "flowers," and as seen in the OT with a meaning of "beauty" a time of flowers, blossoms. ------ 2) Sum. iti ezem-mah-dNin-a-zu5-ka, (iti, month + ezem, festivity + mah, great + dNin-a-zu5-ka, goddess of wisdom), "The Month of the Great Festival of the Goddess of Wisdom." Ninazu is also seen on Cancer under Ordinary-Secondary Nippurian as Su-numun-a ki-sig-d. nin-a-zu, and ki-sigl-1-nin-a-zu, month of breaking of bread to Ninazu, where Nin-a-zu means, 'lady of healing.' Seen on Leo under Volume III as Sumerian Ki-sig-dNin-a-zu, "The Goddess of Wisdom or Medicine, Who Lives In The Earth," and also Pre-Sargonic/Lagash as feast of the ge-k'ur at Girsu in the month ezend. ninazu and under Ordinary/Secondary Nippurian as ezen-d. nin-a-zu and ezen-'d nin-a-zu, month of the feast of Ninazu, where grain is loaned for seed in this month. Seen on Virgo under Volume III as Sumerian Ezem-dNin-a-zu, "The Festival Of The Goddess Of Wisdom." ------ Sum. Mash-ku-gu7: (maš, goat kid, goats, one-half + ku, solid base, found, build, lie down + gu7, to eat, consume), "The Goat Lies Down to Feed" or "The Goat Found A Place To Eat." |
----- 8 |
Taurus Apr. 20-May 20 Dry season, barley harvest is complete. ----- Mar. 16 Apr. 14 ----- Apr. 15 May 14 ----- Apr. 29 May 28 |
----- 5: ‘Ayyar (Taurus) |
----- Ka-mi-is ----- ezem-luga-uru-bar-ra (Mentioned in Aries Sumerian Ur.Bar.Ra) ezem-se-gu-nin-gir-su (Also seen on Leo under Early Semitic) ezem-se-gu-nanse (Seen on Taurus in Sumerian Calendar and also Aries under Early Semitic) |
Month 2: itu-she-ku-dingir-nanshe "the month of the eating of barley by the goddess Nanshe." gisal-si-ga (plowing). Under Early Semitic in Aries and Taurus we find ezem-se-gu-nanse ---- 11b: none ----- diri-se-kin-ku (Lagas intercalary) (In Pisces under Calendar of Nippur is se-kin-ku, also under New Elba is se-kin-ku and se-kin-ku 2, and under the Amorite-Esununa is Kinkum, and in Aries in Volume III is Sumerian iti se-kin-[ku5] and in Aries under the Amorite-Subat-Enlil is se-kin-ku) |
2 Ezem Gusisu or ezem-gu-si-su "the month the horned oxen marched forth” Gusisu festival a ritual in honor of Enlil and Ninlil patron deities of Nippur, and to the god Ninurta, a storm god and patron to farmers. This was a time when they prepare for plowing. |
gdr-ra-ne-mOu-nmu agr-ra-ne-mui-mnu gdr-ra-ne-mu The pre-Sargonic term, at Lagash from Sargon onward is gdr-rd-nc-S-SA-SAIl. SAR, read ma, mzit, and interpreted plow, read 'month when the oxen plough,' interpretation of gan-mas is based upon the gar-gan-mas measured out to workmen. gdr = alpu; ox, probably the zebu, an Asiatic animal and bovine, and the Semitic translation would be alpu sunt, hump-backed ox. Claimed to be in Sept-Oct. |
gdr-si-sd SES-da-kur 2 SES:-da kur, month of the eating of the zebu, Sept.-Oct., at Nippur was idr-si-su 4, and the Semites employed gdr-si-sd which is probably original. DUN-da-kur and DUN, the asses angiu, evidently a sacrificial animal. |
----- b. Qarratim ----- 2: Elunum Magranum ----- Gusisi (Taurus) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6th Day of Sivan (Esther 8:9 3rd month- Pentecost, or Feast of Weeks: (Gemini) Akkadian Simanu, Sivanu (May-June) in Akkad this month called: Mun-ga "The Making-of-Bricks." In Babylonian it is Arah Simanu, and Gemini is referred to as BI(KAS). As seen in Gemini Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: Babylonian #11 Mašmašu-mahrű, Babylonian #12 Mašmašu-arkű, and Arabic #7 Dhirâ', Aldirah, Al Dhria, "Forearm," also Al Dira, "the seed" or "branch." Another star name is in the Babylonian #8 Mahrűšapuu-mašmašu, Babylonian #9 Arkűšapuu-mašmašu, Babylonian #10 Mašmašu-šari'ű, and the Arabic #6 Han'a, Athaya, Al Hanah, "Brand," or "Mark," or Al Henah, "Mark on the neck of camel." The Canaanite month derivation is "appoint," or "mark." ------ 3) Sum. itiab-gir-gu7-dEn-ki-ka, (iti, month + ab, window; niche, lake, sea/ áb, cow + gir, young mare, heifer/ gir10, anger, fury + gu7, consumed + dEn-ki-ka, Divine Lord of the Earth), "The Month that the Lord of the Earth consumed all with the Fury of the Sea." ------ Sum. Zahx(SHESH)-da-gu7, (zah, calm, flee + x, a number, value, (SHESH), indice for [brother, anoint, cry, alkaline] + da, arm, side, hold, to be near, protect + gu7, food, to eat, to feed, to nurse), "The Two Brothers (Twins) Calmly Hold on to their Food," or "The Brothers (Giants) Flee To Protect Their Food." |
----- 9 |
Gemini May 21-June 20 First fruits of wheat harvest, hot winds from the desert. Almonds ripen and honey is gathered. ----- Apr. 15 May 14 ----- May 15 June 13 ----- May 29 June 27 |
----- 6: Haziran (Gemini) |
3a n/a ----- BAD-li GIS IG DUB ----- sig-ba-ba-e-ta-gar-ra udu-se-se-a-il-la (Seen in Gemini Sumerian Calendar and note also Cancer Early Semitic) guru-im-du-a |
Month 3: itu-udu-she-she-il-la Seen in Gemini Early Semitic is udu-se-se-a-il-la and under Cancer Early Semitic is udu-se-se-il-la-nin-gir-su. ----- 12: ezem-se-il-la ----- ezem-se-il-la |
3 Sig Ga or sig-u-sub-ba-ga-gar "the month the bricks are set in the brick mold." No important holiday, bricks a fundamental building block of civilizations, and spiritually associated with the birthing process. |
ezen-d' ne-gun* ezen-d- ne-gain -( ezen-. ne-gdn The pre-Sargonic name of the third month is esen- rne-guin, with the determinative itu but shortened to ita- dne-gun at Lagash of the second dynasty of Ur, name means, 'month of the feast of the god Negun.' Negun a variant of dNin-gun, and ZIMMERN, An = (ilu) Anum. Claimed to be in Oct.-Nov. |
sig-ga a-ne-(muSen)-kur 3 a-ne-(muen)-kur, month of the eating of the bird a-ne3, Oct.-Nov. It has a variant ui-ne-(mugen)-mu, in which mu, a word for kardbu, to offer as sacrifice, replaces the word kur, to eat, which omits musen. ii-ne-(mu.en)-kur -- -ne-(muSen)-mu is the fourth month if the 11th month is the end of the year. Seen on Cancer under Volume III is the Sumerian u5-bimushen-gu7: (u5, male bird, intercourse, high + bi, its, and + mušen, bird + gu7, food, consume), "Male/High Bird which Consumes (or is consumed)." The ordinary term at Nippur and by the Semites is iiu-sig-ga, month of brick-making. |
----- c. Kanwarta ----- 3: Magratum Dumu-zi (Seen in Cancer Vol. III Akkadian Tamuzu, Babylonian Du'uzu, Dumuzi, also Cancer under Sippar DUMU.ZI, in Virgo under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash as ezen-d. dumuzi, ezen3-d.dumuzi / itu ezen- d.dumuxi, and Libra under Sumerian Calendar as noted, and in Sagittarius under Sulgi/Ur III as ezem-dumu-zi) ----- Qati-ersetim (Gemini) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tammuz, Thammuz (Ezek. 8:14} (Cancer) Akkadian Tamuzu, Babylonian Du'uzu, Dumuzi (dumu, son + uš, to stand upon + é, house + mah, high), The Son Who Stands in the High House. Dumuzi is also seen in: Gemini-Cancer under Sippar DUMU.ZI, in Virgo under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash as ezen-d. dumuzi, ezen3-d.dumuzi / itu ezen- d.dumuxi, and Libra under Sumerian Calendar as noted, and in Sagittarius under Sulgi/Ur III as ezem-dumu-zi. The Babylonian name is Arah Dumuzu, "Month of Tammuz." As seen in Cancer Star names, J. Epping (1889) 'Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: Babylonian #14 Rîšu-a, and Arabic #9 Tarf, Atarf, Al Tarf, "Glance," or "The Glance of the Lion's Eye." Also Arabic #8 possibly #6 as Nathra, Annathra, Al Nathrah, which means "Gap," or "Crib," and Babylonian #13 is Arkűšanangarušašűtu, noted that Nangaru in Cancer is the Euphratean Nagar-asurra, Babylonian-Assyrian Nangaru, which means "The Workman-of-the-River-Bed." And also consider that the Sumerian kúšu: turtle is similar in Arkűša. The Canaanite month derivation is the name of an ancient Akkadian god identified with vegetation. Tammuz was a fertility god widely worshiped in Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine, equivalent to Osiris in Egypt and Adonis of the Greeks. His consort was the goddess Ishtar (Astarte or Ashtoreth). Tammuz was noted to have been killed by a wild boar while shepherding his flocks. His wife rescued him from the underworld. His death was taken to represent the onset of winter. The long dry season was broken by spring rains when he came to life again. The fourth month of the Babylonian and later Jewish calendar was named for him (June-July). The star behind it is the agrarian worker (Aries) (LU).CHUN.GA, d. Dumuzi, Sumerian Dumuzi (Tammuz), Akkadian Enkidu. ------ Sum. itine-girx (iti, month + ne, this (one) + gir, young mare, heifer, fish + x, number), "The Month of Many Fish" or "The Month of Two Fish.” ------ Sum. u5-bimushen-gu7: (u5, male bird, intercourse, high + bi, its, and + mušen, bird + gu7, food, consume), "Male/High Bird which Consumes (or is consumed)." Seen on Gemini under Ordinary/Secondary Nippurian is a-ne-(muSen)-kur and a-ne-(muen)-kur, month of the eating of the bird a-ne3. It has a variant ui-ne-(mugen)-mu, in which mu, a word for kardbu, to offer as sacrifice, replaces the word kur, to eat, which omits musen. |
----- 10 |
Summer Solstice June 21 Cancer June 21-July 22 Heavy dews, hot days. Early figs begin to ripen. ----- May 15 June 13 ----- June 14 July 13 ----- June 28 July 27 |
Tam(m)uzu ----- 7: Tammuz (Cancer) |
----- As-da-PIL ----- udu-se-se-il-la-nin-gir-su (Seen in Gemini Sumerian Calendar and Early Semitic) ezem-ba-ba (Seen on Capricornus under Sargon/Gudea, also Aquarius under Sulgi/Ur III and also Cancer and Pisces under Early Semitic) gur-dub-ba |
Month 4: itu-she-ku-dingir-nin-gir-su Sowing takes place in the June-September time frame. ----- 1: ezem-buru-mas ----- buru-mas (Both are seen in Early Semitic in Aries) |
4 Su-numun or su-numun "To pour grain," this is when plowing takes place, and height of the hot dry season. |
sig-ba su-numun-a .u-numun-a In the pre-Sargonic period occurs the month itu sig--d ba-ti e-ta-gar-ra-a, month when the breaking of bread of the goddess Bau (In Aquarius under the Early Semitic we find ezem-ba-ba-e-ta-gar-ra). The ordinary pre-Sargonic name is itu-sig-ba; itu sig-ba-a, month of the giving of broken bread. From Sargon onward the name of the fourth month at Lagash, Nippur and Babylon is itu gu-numun na4, month of the sowing of barley. The complete form .u-ge-numun, or month of sowing is gu-nunaun or fourth month. Claimed as in Nov.-Dec. |
Su-numun-a ki-sig-d. nin-a-zu 4 ki-sigl-1-nin-a-zu, month of breaking of bread to Ninazu, Nov.-Dec. Nin-a-zu means, 'lady of healing,' and identified with the goddess Bau who is xar'e4oZqv the goddess of healing. Ninazu is also seen on Taurus under Volume III as Sumerian iti ezem-mah-dNin-a-zu5-ka, "The Month of the Great Festival of the Goddess of Wisdom." Also seen on Leo under Volume III as Sumerian Ki-sig-dNin-a-zu, "The Goddess of Wisdom or Medicine, Who Lives In The Earth," and also Pre-Sargonic/Lagash as feast of the ge-k'ur at Girsu in the month ezend. ninazu and under Ordinary/Secondary Nippurian as ezen -d. nin-a-zu and ezen-'d nin-a-zu, month of the feast of Ninazu, Where grain is loaned for seed in this month. And seen on Virgo under Volume III as Sumerian Ezem-dNin-a-zu, "The Festival Of The Goddess Of Wisdom." |
----- d. Te’inatim ----- 4: Abum Abum ----- DUMU.ZI (Cancer) (Seen in Cancer Vol. III Akkadian Tamuzu, Babylonian Du'uzu, Dumuzi, also Gemini under Sippar dumu-zi and in Virgo under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash as ezen-d. dumuzi, ezen3-d.dumuzi / itu ezen-d.dumuxi, and Libra under Sumerian Calendar as noted, and in Sagittarius under Sulgi/Ur III as ezem-dumu-zi) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Av, Ab (Early Aug, Num. 33:38, the 5th month. (Leo) Sum. Ab-ba, father; Akkadian Abu The Babylonian name is Arah Abu, where Leo is called aru, and a reference to a season called Misil Satti. As seen in Leo Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: Babylonian #15 Šarru. Babylonian #17 Zibbat(?)-a, Arabic #12 Sarfa, Acarfa, Al Sarfah, "Changer," or "The Changer of the Weather." Also Arabic #10 Jab-ha, Algebha, Al Jabhah, "Forehead." Also mentioned on Cancer is Babylonian #14 Rîšu-a, and Arabic #9 Tarf, Atarf, Al Tarf, "Glance," or "The Glance of the Lion's Eye." Also Babylonian #16 Mârušaarkat-šarru, and Arabic #11 Zubra, Azobra, Al Zubrah, "Mane," or "The Mane of the Lion." The Canaanite month of 'ab, is derived as "hostile" as in heat, "bulrushes," as in growing. ------ 5) Sum. itiezem-mah-dNanna (iti, month + ezem, festivity + mah, great + dnan-na, divine god/goddess of the Human Race), "The Month of Great Festivity for God/Goddess of the Human Race (Nanna)." dNanna is seen on Virgo under Volume III as Sumerian itiamar-sag-gu7-dNanna, "The Month that Bull/Moon God Consumed The Head Of The Young One," or "The Month that Bull/Moon God Nursed The Human Young One," and under Calendar of Nippur as Kin Inanna, "Work of Inanna." Also seen on Scorpius under Volume III as Sumerian itishu-esh-dNanna, "The Month That The Bull/Moon God Pours Much-Shares Much." ------ Sum. Ki-sig-dNin-a-zu (ki, earth, grain + sig, late, small, weak or (optional live, dwell) + dnin-a-zu, divine proprietress + the + wisdom), "The Goddess of Wisdom or Medicine, Who Lives In The Earth." Ninazu is also seen on Taurus under Volume III as Sumerian iti ezem-mah-dNin-a-zu5-ka, "The Month of the Great Festival of the Goddess of Wisdom." Also seen on Cancer under Ordinary-Secondary Nippurian as Su-numun-a ki-sig-d. nin-a-zu, and ki-sigl-1-nin-a-zu, month of breaking of bread to Ninazu, where Nin-a-zu means, 'lady of healing.' Also seen on Leo under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash as feast of the ge-k'ur at Girsu in the month ezend. ninazu and under Ordinary/Secondary Nippurian as ezen -d. nin-a-zu and ezen-'d nin-a-zu, month of the feast of Ninazu, Where grain is loaned for seed in this month. And seen on Virgo under Volume III as Sumerian Ezem-dNin-a-zu, "The Festival Of The Goddess Of Wisdom." |
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Leo July 23-Aug. 22 Hot weather. Walnuts and olives ripen and are harvested. ----- June 4 July 23 ----- July 19 Aug. 17 ----- Aug. 2 Aug. 31 |
----- 8: ‘Ab (Leo) |
----- NI.DU ----- ezem-se-gu-nin-gir-su (Also seen on Taurus under Early Semitic) |
Month 5: itu-gu-du-bi-mu-a ----- 2: gu-ra-IZI-mu-mu ----- gu-ra-IZI-mu-mu (Both seen on Virgo under Early Semitic) |
5 Ne Izi Gar or ne-IZI-gar “The month of Ghosts" The month when lamps are lit, after the summer solstice, a Sumerian Halloween, associated with the death of Ningishzida and Gilgamesh. The festival of Ghosts occurred in the middle of this month during the first day of the full moon. Sisig, a god of dreams was in charge of the gateway into the next life, might be a brother of Namtar. Si and ig mean light ray and door, could be a god of the setting sun. |
ezen-dmt-kur. d. ningirsu* ezen-dim-kur dim-kur. In pre-Sargonic two months are called ezen-dlim-kur, one sacred to Ningirsu the other to Nina. ezen-dfm-kur-d. nina is excluded from the fifth position which precedes the eighth month ezen-PBau and follows ezen-ec-kur6 mentions the feast of the ge-k'ur at Girsu in the month ezend. ninazu. ne-ne-nig is the name of the fifth month at Nippur. In others ezen-'d nin-a-zu the sixth month and ezen §.e-kur .lLin-gir-su was the sixth pre-Sargonic month. The scribe evidently agrees with in placing all of the months one place later; on this supposition the place of ezen ge-kur-d. ningirsu7 as the sixth month in the pre-Sargonic calender is settled. With ezen-dim-kur- d'ningirsu identify itu-1. The name of this month at Lagash from Sargon onward is itu ezen-dlm.kur, or itu-d(lm-kur, month of the feast of eating the food dim. |
ne-ne-nig ezen -d. nin-a-zu 5 ezen-'d nin-a-zu, month of the feast of Ninazu, Dec.-Jan., that grain is loaned for seed in this mouth. At Nippur for the same month is itu -ne-e-niyg, month of fire offerings. Ninazu is a deity of the lower world, and offerings for the ki-.sg of the month ne-ne-nig are mentioned. ki-sig means the ritual of wailing for the dead, appropriate for the period of greatest darkness. Dated in the month of the feast of Ninazu states that fat oxen were offered as ne-ne-nig on the seventh day and likewise mentions offerings to nintindigga, 'she who gives life to the dead,'an epithet of Ban. ki-sig has been interpreted as a variant of ki-sig = kisikku, funeral rite for the dead. The following month ezen-d-nin-a-zie also sacred to the dead. Ninazut appears as the god of the lower world and consort of Ninkigal. Ninazu is the father of Ningiszida, compared to umun-a-zu [- nin-a-zu] identified with Tammuz. Ninazu, lord of weapons, a form of Nergal. Claimed to be Dec.-Jan. |
----- e. Kuzalli ----- 5: Zibnum Tirum ----- Isin-abi (Leo) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elul (Neh. 6:15, 25th day of 6th month E'-lul) (Virgo) Sumerian a-la means exclamation of joy ('tears' + 'happiness'). Akkadian ululu, elulu The Babylonian name is Arah Ululu. As seen on Virgo Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: Babylonian #20 saša-širű, where the Babylonian Siru is (Spica) Virgo, "the ear of corn," and the Arabic #15 Gafr, Argafra, Al Ghafr, "Covering." Also seen is the Babylonian #19 šurmahrű-širű, and the Arabic #14 Simâk, Azimech, Al Simak, "Unarmed," or simply without weapons, and Babylonian #18 šępuarkűša-a, Arabic #13 Awwâ', Alahue, Al Awwa, "Barker." The Canaanite month derivation is "to shout for joy" at vintage. ------ 6) Sum. itiamar-sag-gu7-dNanna (iti, month + amar, calf, young one + sag, head, point, human + gu7, eat, consume, to feed, nurse ... + dNanna, divine Bull/Moon god or divine god/goddess of the Human Race), "The Month that Bull/Moon God Consumed The Head Of The Young One," or "The Month that Bull/Moon God Nursed The Human Young One." dNanna is seen on Leo under Volume III as Sumerian itiezem-mah-dNanna, "The Month of Great Festivity for God/Goddess of the Human Race (Nanna)." Also seen on Virgo under Calendar of Nippur as Kin Inanna, "Work of Inanna." Also seen on Scorpius under Volume III as Sumerian itishu-esh-dNanna, "The Month That The Bull/Moon God Pours Much-Shares Much." ------ Sum. Ezem-dNin-a-zu (ezem, festivity + dNin, divine proprietress + a, the + zu, wisdom) zu5, wisdom (?) in the Sum. dNin-a-zu5-ka.] "The Festival Of The Goddess Of Wisdom." Ninazu is also seen on Taurus under Volume III as Sumerian iti ezem-mah-dNin-a-zu5-ka, "The Month of the Great Festival of the Goddess of Wisdom." Also seen on Cancer under Ordinary-Secondary Nippurian as Su-numun-a ki-sig-d. nin-a-zu, and ki-sigl-1-nin-a-zu, month of breaking of bread to Ninazu, where Nin-a-zu means, 'lady of healing.' Also seen on Leo under Volume III as Sumerian Ki-sig-dNin-a-zu, "The Goddess of Wisdom or Medicine, Who Lives In The Earth," and also Pre-Sargonic/Lagash as feast of the ge-k'ur at Girsu in the month ezend. ninazu and under Ordinary/Secondary Nippurian as ezen -d. nin-a-zu and ezen-'d nin-a-zu, month of the feast of Ninazu, Where grain is loaned for seed in this month. |
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Virgo Aug. 23-Sept. 22 Heat. Grapes, figs and olives processed. Winemaking started. Summer figs and dates begin to ripen and are harvested. ----- July 19 Aug. 17 ----- Aug. 18 Sep. 16 ----- Sept. 1 Sep. 30 |
----- 9: ‘Aylul (Virgo) |
6a n/a ----- ‘A-da I.NUN ----- gu-ra-IZI-mu-mu (Seen also on Leo under Sargon/Gudea And Sulgi/Ur III) n/a |
Month 6: itu-ezem-li-si The term ezem-li-si, is seen also under Virgo under the Sargon/Gudea and Sulgi/Ur III, and Scorpius under Early Semitic) ----- 3: ezem-li-si ----- ezem-li-si (Both seen under Virgo under the Sumerian Calender, and Scorpius under Early Semitic). In other places itu-shu-numun, means "the month of sowing barley." a-numun (sowing) |
6 Kin Inanna or kin-inanna "Work of Inanna." dNanna is seen on Leo under Volume III as Sumerian itiezem-mah-dNanna, "The Month of Great Festivity for God/Goddess of the Human Race (Nanna)." Also seen on Virgo under Volume III as Sumerian itiamar-sag-gu7-dNanna, "The Month that Bull/Moon God Consumed The Head Of The Young One," or "The Month that Bull/Moon God Nursed The Human Young One." Also seen on Scorpius under Volume III as Sumerian itishu-esh-dNanna, "The Month That The Bull/Moon God Pours Much-Shares Much." The goddess statues were purified in the waters of the river as the change of the seasons is about to happen, and is a month of cleaning. |
ezen-ge-kur-d. ningirsu* ezen-d. dumuzi ezen3-d.dumuzi The pre-Sargonic name is ezen e-kcur-d. ningirsu-(ka-ka), feast of the eating of barley of Ningirsu. Ningirsu or Ninib in early theology represents the Spring sun and a feast in honour of this god then regarded like Tammuz as lingering in the lower world is natural. At Lagash in the Sargonic and later it is itu ezen- d.dumuxi (Seen in Cancer Vol. III Akkadian Tamuzu, Babylonian Du'uzu, Dumuzi, also Gemini-Cancer under Sippar DUMU.ZI, and Libra under Sumerian Calendar as noted, and in Sagittarius under Sulgi/Ur III as ezem-dumu-zi). |
qin-d innini d-ki-ti 6 itu d-ki-ti, month of the feast of the akitu, Jan.-Feb. Variant itu d-ki-it. At Nippur itu qin-d. innini, month of the feast of Tammuz, and month of the mission of Innini or Istar; both names are taken from the nature myth of the return of Tammuz from the lower world after the descent of I.tar. The term ki-ti is seen on Libra under Volume III as Sumerian itia-ki-ti, "The Watering of the Earth's Side," which is associated with "the sowing of grain" or the "month of perennial streams." In the Neo-Babylonian period the akitu or feast of New-Year, which the Nippurians placed two months earlier, came to be identified with the zag-mu2. Claimed to be in Jan.-Feb. |
----- f. Allanatim ----- 6: Niqmum Niqmum ----- Tium (Virgo ?) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sept. 6, Rosh Hashanah; Sept. 15 Yom Kippur; Sukkoth; Ethanim (1 Kings 8:2, 7th month) (Libra). Akkadian tasritu, Tashritu. The Babylonian name is Arah Tisritum, "Month of Beginning (the start of the 2nd half-year)." As seen on Libra Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: Babylonian #21 Nűru-šašűtu, Babylonian #22 Nűru-šailtânu, and Arabic #16 Zubânayn, Azubene, Al Jubana, "Claws," or "The Claws." The Canaanite month is Ethanim a derivation "begin" civil year, "dedicate" to the sun-god by the Babylonians, that which the Jews associated with the Creation and the Day of Judgment, who also began their feast on the first new moon of the year, and had some connection to the Moon-goddess at one time in their history, a connection to the "city of the moon." In the OT it is called "permanent streams," the flowing brooks. ------ 7) Sum. itia-ki-ti (iti, month + a, water, offspring, father, the + ki, earth, place + ti, side, rib, arrow), "The Watering of the Earth's Side." Associated with "the sowing of grain" or the "month of perennial streams." The term ki-ti is seen on Virgo under Ordinary/Secondary Nippurian as qin-d innini d-ki-ti or itu d-ki-ti, month of the feast of the akitu, with a variant itu d-ki-it. In the Neo-Babylonian period the akitu or feast of New-Year, which the Nippurians placed two months earlier, came to be identified with the zag-mu2. Akkadian Tul-ku, (lunar month of the autumn equinox, September-October) means "The Sacred (Holy) Mound" or "The Holy Altar." Sum. (dul(6), mound, sanctuary + ků, sacred, holy), in lieu of tul-ku. Sum. kug, ků: n., noble metal; silver; money; v., to cleanse; adj., bright, pure; sacred, holy. See on Libra under Calendar of Nippur, 7 Duku or du-ku, "Festival of the Sacred Mound." ------ Sum. ZI.BA.AN.NA, Zib-ba an-na, means "Balance of Heaven" or "Heavenly Weighing Scales," from (zi, to divide, cut + ba, portion, nominative + an, heaven + na, that one, nominative). |
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Autumnal Equinox – Sept 21 Libra Sept. 23-Oct. 22 Fields plowed and barley and wheat is sown. "The sowing of grain." ----- Aug. 18 Sep. 16 ----- Sep. 17 Oct. 16 ----- Oct. 1 Oct. 30 |
----- 10: Tishrin al-‘Awwal (Libra) |
Za-nar ----- Ir-me ----- nin-gir-su-an-ta-sur-ra-i-gin-gin-na (As seen on Cancer Star names is the Sumerian AN.TA.SUR.RA, the Akkadian sariru, means "Flashing," one source believes this is probably a meteor. Sumerian an-ta-sur-ra: a stone ('heaven' + 'from' + 'boundary marker' + a, 'the'). ) |
Month 7: itu-sig-ba Distribution of barley for seed. a-sha-ge kin-ak (working on the field). Autumnal Equinox – Sept 21 A time Dumuzi comes back from the underworld and his sister Geshtin-anna took his place. ----- 4: su-numun ----- su-numun |
7 Duku or du-ku "Festival of the Sacred Mound." The temple in Nippur called E-Kur, means house of the underworld and house of the mountain. The Sacred Mound was in the Tummal complex, where Enlil’s ancestors dwelt. The god En-duka-ga and goddess Nin-duku-ga, lord and lady of the Sacred Mound. Enlil was the first born son of An and Ki. Duku was a holy place in Nippur. Also in Eridu we have the temple of Ningirsu. The last two days of this month, just before the eighth month’s new moon festival they observe and remember the spirits of the dead, the mound covered over the entrance to the realm of Apsu and Kur. (Seen on Libra under the Volume III is Akkadian Tul-ku, means "The Sacred (Holy) Mound" or "The Holy Altar," where the Sumerian (dul(6), mound, sanctuary + ků, sacred, holy, in lieu of tul-ku) |
ezen-drmn-kur-d. nina ur ezen-d. dungi From Sargon: to the time of the institution of the ezen-.d. dungi the name of this month. At Lagash it was itu ur, and is employed as the year 12 + X of Dungi. The pre-Sargonic term is itu-ezen-dim-kur-d ninea, which mentions qukkallu, unweaned kids, with which compare also the seventh month. Feast of the god Gimil-Sin, ezan dgimil- d.sin is but a new name for ezen- ddungi. |
du-azag ezen-'d dungi 7 itu ezen-d dun-gi, month of the feast of the deified Dungi, Feb.-March, earliest mention of the institution of a feast and a month named in honor of d.Dungi dated in the year 5 + X of Dungi2 and the latest in the fifth year of Gimil-Sin after which period ezen-'. gmil-d. sin replaces the term ezen-d. dun-gi. At Nippur and borrowed by the Semites is itu dti-azay, month of (the feast) of Du-azag. In the inscriptions of the Neo-Babylonian kings the akilu or New Year's festival was celebrated by an assembly of the gods in the Du-azag. Claimed this is in Feb.-March. |
----- g. Belti-ekallim ----- 7: Kinunum Kinunum ----- Elulum (Virgo-Libra) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bul (1 Kings 6:38, 8th month) (Scorpius) Renamed Heshvan or Heshwan, the 2nd month Jewish calendar – Heb. keswan. Akkadian arahsamnu. Babylonian name is Arah Samma, "Month of Laying Foundations. In the Scorpius constellation name section we will see: Akkadian Agrabu, "seizer-and-stinger," Assyro-Babylonian aqrabuamelu (girtablilu) - scorpion-man, Arabic/Syriac Al Akrab, "Scorpion," and Hebrew 'aqrab, derivation, a scorpion. As seen in Scorpius Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: Babylonian #24 Hurru, and Arabic #18 Qalb, Alcalb, Al Kalb, "Heart." Also Babylonian #23 Qâbušarîšu-agrabi seems to be part of Scorpius, but likely part of Libra, and Arabic #17 Iklil, Alichil, Iklil Al Jabhah, "Crown," or "The Crown of the Forehead." And Arabic #19 Shawla, Exaula, Al Shaula, "Stinger," or "The Sting." The Canaanite month is Bul a derivation complies with "drop" or "rainy season." The meaning for this month is "rain" or "showers," and complies with the Hebrew Bul which also is in the sense of rain. Drop in the Hebrew mar, from Heb. marar, a primary root properly to trickle, thus in its orig. sense of distillation, a drop. The Babylonians also called the month Marheshwan and in the OT it is referred to as "rain" and also fruit (collective). ------ 8) Sum. itishu-esh-dNanna, iti, month + šu, portion, bundle + eš, much, three, one + dNanna, divine Bull/Moon god) means "The Month That The Bull/Moon God Pours Much-Shares Much." dNanna is seen on Leo under Volume III as Sumerian itiezem-mah-dNanna, "The Month of Great Festivity for God/Goddess of the Human Race (Nanna)." Also seen on Virgo under Volume III as Sumerian itiamar-sag-gu7-dNanna, "The Month that Bull/Moon God Consumed The Head Of The Young One," or "The Month that Bull/Moon God Nursed The Human Young One," and under Calendar of Nippur as Kin Inanna, "Work of Inanna." ------ Sum. ezem-dShul-gi, (ezem, festivity + dShulgi, king of Sumer or [dšul, divine young man, warrior + gi, justice]) “The Festivity of the Divine Warrior of Justice," "The Festivity of King Shulgi." |
----- 2 |
Scorpius Oct. 23-Nov. 21 Rainy season. Wheat and barley sowing is done. Figs are harvested. ----- Sep. 17 Oct. 15 ----- Oct. 17 Nov. 15 ----- Oct. 31 Nov. 29 |
----- 11: Tishrin al-Thani (Scorpius) |
8a n/a ----- Hu-lu-mu / Hur-mu NE.GAR ----- ezem-li-si (Seen also under Virgo under the Sargon/Gudea and Sulgi/Ur III, and Sumerian Calendar) (Seen in Scorpius Star names is the Sumerian LI9.SI4, represents a Antares, Gr. against Mars, Arabic, "The Wounding"). n/a |
Month 8: itu-munu-ku-dingir-nanshe ----- 5: ezem-munu-gu ----- ezem-munu-gu (Both are seen on Sagittarius under Early Semitic) |
8 Apin Du-a or apin-du-a "The plow is let go" The eighth month when they let the plow go for eight months, and a day of cessation of labor. |
ezen-d- ba-i* ezen-d ba-t ezend. ba-u Pre-Sargonic name of this month is itu ezen-d. ba-u, month of the feast of Bau, goddess of healing, whose epithet in the season of darkness is nin-a-zu. The Sumerian BAÚ saw her prominence around 2,500 B.C. and earlier, and ranked third among the ancient Sumerian gods. She is also called GULA by Sumerians and is mentioned to be the goddess of bounty, a healer, provider of harvest and food, giver of birth and fertility. She was also BABA, the life giver (midwife) who helps bring life into the world, GAL-AMA, the great mother, or NIN-AN-NA the queen/lady of heaven. The name is at Lagash in this month offerings are sent from Lagash to Kenyi9 for Ninazu. An ancient Semitic inscription isin akkittim, means 'life of the strength of the earth,' the festival of rejoicing following the period of greatest darkness, when vegetation shows the first signs of returning life. Year 26 + X of Dungi. eS is here written with three slanting wedges. The meaning of the name is unknown; the name appears to have, if akitu be regarded as the beginning of the year then Su-S-Sa would be the third month. eS means 'three.' |
al)in-du-a gu-~.-Sa 8 iu-gu-e.-sa, gu-Sa-es, March-April, the name employed at Nippur for March-April is itu-apin-di-a, month of raising the irrigating machines, da-a appears to mean na.i and to be equivalent to lal in alpin-lal = ercSu to irrigate. The conflate form gig apin-du-lal occurs on a tablet from Kut-el-Hai probably in the period of Hammurabi, tiru appears as the Semitic word for apin-di-a 35. Claimed to be in March-April. |
----- h. Sa sarratim ----- 8: Tamhirum Tamhirum ----- Tamhirum (Libra-Scorpius) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25th day Kislev, Nov. 28, Hanukkah, Feast of Dedication (Sagittarius) Akkadian kislimu, kisliwu, Kissilimu. Babylonian Arah Kislimu, and reference to a season called Kit Satti. One-source claims that the Hebrew kislewkishmu, or kishwu. Under Sagittarius one of its decans, Ara, the Altar where the following is listed: Sumero-Akkadian Kisal-Bat-Ala; Babylonian-Assyrian Kisallu-Iabiru, "The-Ancient-Altar-Below"; Phoenician Mizbaiach; Hebrew mizbeach, from Heb. zabach, a primary root to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice), thus an altar; and Sumerian unug, unu6 [TEMEN-ČŠ]: elevated shrine, temple. As seen in Sagittarius Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: No Babylonian names were specified, only Arabic #21 Balda, Elbelda, Al Baldah, "City," or "The City," or "District." No Babylonian names were specified, and Arabic #20 Na'âyim, Nahaym, Al Na'am, "Ostriches." The Canaanite month derivation is uncertain. ------ 9) Sumerian itiezem-mah-dNin-e-gal, (iti, month + ezem, festivity + mah, great + dNin-e-gal, Divine Lord of the Great House/Water), "The Month of the Festival of the Lord of the Great House, Temple, or Water." ------ 9) Sumerian Shu-esh5-sha or ezem-dShu-dSuen (Sum. šu, hand, strength + eš5, three { or aš(5): spider} + ša, dry up), "The Three Strong Ones Dry Up." |
----- 3 |
Sagittarius Nov. 22-Dec. 21 Cold intense rainstorms. ----- Oct. 17 Nov. 14 ----- Nov. 16 Dec. 15 ----- Nov. 30 Dec. 29 |
----- 12: Kanun al-‘Awwal (Sagittarius) |
9a MA x GANAtenu-sag2 ----- UD.DU (=E) n/a ----- ezem-munu-gu-nanse (ezem-munu-gu is also mentioned on Scorpius under Sargon/Gudea and Sulgi/Ur III) n/a |
Month 9: itu-munu-ku-dingir-nin-gir-su ----- 6: ur ----- ezem-dumu-zi (Seen in Cancer Vol. III Akkadian Tamuzu, Babylonian Du'uzu, Dumuzi, also Gemini-Cancer under Sippar DUMU.ZI, in Virgo under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash as ezen-d. dumuzi, ezen3-d.dumuzi / itu ezen- d.dumuxi, and Libra under Sumerian Calendar as noted). |
9 Gan Gan-e or gan-gan-e or gan-gan-mu-e "When the clouds came out" This is the Sumerian rainy season, and respect to Ninurta, the storm god, and farmers to Ishkur from shepherds, and the city people to Imdugud the protector of homes. |
gd-udu-4r (?) mu-gu-d4 tt mu-§u-du At Lagash from the period of Sargon onward and occasionally at Nippur 3 is itu-mu-su-du(g), month when the year gives abundance, often written itu m-u-u-du (UL)5. The pre-Sargonic name is still in doubt for the seventh is extremely difficult. The name means 'month of the feast of the going forth of the sea.' I would suggest as the pre-Sargonic name itu-gd-udu-ur, 'month of the house of sheep shearing' itu-gyi-r. |
gen-gen-e ezen-mag 9 iiu-ezen-ma§, month of the great festival, April-May. The ordinary name at Nippur is itu-gen-gen-e, month when abundance goes forth. itu ezen-ab4-, a name which appears as itu ab-e for the tenth month at Nippur6 and Babylon7, however, states clearly that in this month occurs the feast of the dim-lur of Nina, i. e., the seventh month. Why the name should occur at Nippur for the tenth month is difficult. Claimed to be in April-May. |
----- i. Narmak Assur sa kinatim ----- 9: Nabrum Nabrum ----- n/a (Scorpius-Sagittarius) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tevet, Tebet, Tebeth (Esther 2:16, the 10th month, Dec-Jan) (Capricornus). Akkadian tebetu, Dhabitu Babylonian name is Arah Tebetum, "Month of the Forthcoming Water," where Capricornus is referred to as sah 'ibex'. As seen in Capricornus Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: Arabic #22 Sa'd al-Dhâbih, Caadaldeba, Al Sad Al Dhabih, "Luck of Sacrificers," or "The Lucky One of the Slaughters," Babylonian #26 Qarnu-šahű, Babylonian #27 Maharšahina-šahű, and Babylonian #28 Arkatšahina-šahű. The Canaanite month derivation is "to sink," or to "dip." Sink seen in Sumerian gigri(2): to dive; to sink, founder (reduplicated giri5, 'to seek refuge') and in Hebrew taba', taw-bah', a primary root, to sink, drown, settle, sink, note similarity to Tebeth. Dip in the Hebrew tabal, taw-bal', a primary root, to dip, plunge. ------ Sum. ezem-mah (ezem, festivity + mah, great), the Great Festival in the ninth month of the year, as well in the tenth reflecting the beginning of the winter months. |
----- 4 |
Winter Solstice – Dec 21 Capricornus Dec. 22-Jan. 19 Rain, snow and hail comes. Food is stored. ----- Nov. 16 Dec. 15 ----- Dec. 16 Jan. 14 ----- Dec. 30 Jan. 28 |
----- 1: Kanun al-Thani (Capricornus) |
----- SUKU ----- ezem-ab-e (Mentioned in Capricornus under Calendar of Nippur as Ab-ba-e or Ab-e) |
Month 10: itu-lugal-uru-bar ----- 7: ezem-ba-ba (Seen on Aquarius under Sulgi/Ur III, and also Cancer and Pisces under Early Semitic) ----- ur / ezem-sul-gi (Mentioned in Aries under Volume III is the Sumerian UR.BAR.RA, "the seed of heavenly plow." Also note ezem-luga-uru-bar-ra seen under Early Semitic in Taurus.) |
10 Ab-ba-e or ab-e “The opening of the land." Ab-ba-e, the tenth month of Nippur, comes from Ab, opening, and e, plot of land, to honor deceased Ur III kings (Ur-Nammu, Sulgi). Mentioned in Capricornus under Early Semitic as ezem-ab-e. Formerly Ku Su "To lie down and spread." Ku Su, Ku, to lie down, and Su, to spread, thus the month where things are laid down and spread. |
ezen amar-a-a-siga ezen- amar-a-a-si amar-a-a-si The pre-Sargonic name ezen-amar-a-a-si-ga9, is employed at Lagash as itu amar-a-a-si from Sargon onward. Variants ezen amar-a-a-si-zi-da'0, and ezen amar-a-a-si-zi-da-la"l, itu anar-a-a-si-da'2, itu amar-a-a-si-da-ka3. Seen on Pisces under the Sumerian Calendar, Early Semitic, Sargon/Gudea and Sulgi/Ur III. |
ab-e ezen-an-na 10 itu czen an-na, month of the feast of Anu, May-June, a name both at Nippur and Drehem in the period of the second dynasty of Ur. The name itu (Zfn ab-e (ab-e-a) also at Nippur and universally at Babylon, a name employed by the Semites as itu ab-ba-. Claimed to be in May-June. |
----- j. Mahhurili ----- 10: Mammitum Mammitum ----- Mammitum (Sagittarius-Capricornus) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shebat [Shevat] Zech. 1:7, the 11th month. (Aquarius) Akkadian Shabatu. Babylonian name is Arah Sabatu, and Aquarius is referred to as qa. As seen in Aquarius Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as: No Babylonian mansions were listed for Aquarius, only the Arabic #24 Sa'd al-Su'űd, "Luck of the Lucky," Caadacohot, Al Sad Al Su'ud, "The Luckiest of the Lucky," and also Arabic #23 Sa'ad Bula, "Luck Swallower," Caadebolach, Al Sad Al Bulah, "The Good Fortune of the Swallower." The Canaanite derivation for this month is uncertain. ------ 11) Sum. ezem-an-na (ezem, festivity + an-na, tin (sky + stone)/ or an, sky, heaven, the god An + na, human being of past/present), basically "The Festivity of the Meteor [tin]," or "The Festivity of the Heavenly One," or "The Festivity of the One God An." |
----- 5 |
Aquarius Jan. 20-Feb. 18 Almond and peach trees blossom, Gradual warming from winter to mild spring. ----- Dec. 16 Jan. 11 ----- Jan. 15 Feb. 13 ----- Jan. 29 Feb. 27 |
----- 2: Subat |
----- A-dam-ma-um ----- ezem-ba-ba-e-ta-gar-ra (Seen on Cancer under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash we find a month called itu sig--d ba-ti e-ta-gar-ra-a, associated with breaking bread) |
Month 11: itu-ezem-ba-u ----- 8: mu-su-du (Seen also in Pisces under Sulgi/Ur III) ----- ezem-ba-ba (Seen on Capricornus under Sargon/Gudea, and also Cancer and Pisces under Early Semitic. Bau (or Baba and Gula, the goddess of healing, and in Nippur was called Ninnibru, Queen of Nippur), wore a cap with three pairs of horns that covered her straight black hair and clothed in a tunic woven of natural wool. She was the wife of Ningirsu, and was a local Sumerian tutelary goddess of the city of Lagash, where her only temple, the E.urukuga was and a place where she could remain near her sister, Nisaba. Bau was a daughter of Anu, and produced two sons by Ningirsu (Ninurta), Igalima and Shulshagana, and other sources state with Ningirsu, she also had seven daughters who served in her temple known as the Lukur maidens, their names were Zazaru, Nipae, Urnuntaea, Hegirnuna, Heshaga, Zargu and Zurgu.) |
11 Ud Duru or ud-duru "Month of the fresh Emmer wheat." or Ziz-a "Month when the Emmer wheat crop is flooded." Emmer wheat is a crop used to make beer and bread, and must have been harvested a month before the barley crop. |
Segurkud segurkud** *.egurkud** (See information in Aquarius and Pisces under Ordinary/Secondary Nippurian) |
ag-a-an ezen-d. me-ki-gdl 11 .egurkud but in the intercalary month is ezenmekigal. Thus gegurkud is the first month and ezenmekigal the last month. itu ezen-d. me-ki-gdl, month of the feast of the god Mekigal, June-July. Generally without dingir, this in the last month. Therefore we find an intercallary ezen-me-li-gdl, we have from itu gc-giir-kud to itu ezen-me-ki-gdl there are twelve months, hence Segurkud is the first month and ezen-meligal the last. Another name current at Nippur and Babylon is itu ag-a-an, in the texts the form is itu a.-a, or simply itu-ag. ag, a0-a, a.4-an, as-an-sa is. The zag-mu or feast of the new year, is identified with the feast of Bau in Gudea. Borrowed as a loan-word zagnlku, and for the origin of ku in loan-words Sumerian Gram. It is possible that is to be restored ezen-d-ba-u, in which case we would have a trace of the feast of Bau in the seventh month. Claimed to be in June-July. |
----- k. Ab sarrani ----- 11: Kiskissum Mana ----- Isin-Adad (Capricornus-Aquarius) |
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| Volume III Hebrew/Jewish/Akkadian/Babylonia information ----- Sumerian items: 1st - Pre-Sargonic (2334 B.C.) Calendar of Ur (9 months) ----- 2nd - Ur III Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) |
Hebrew Month Number ---- Jewish Month Number |
Season - Month Date Agriculture/Climate ---- Tropical Date ----- Gregorian Date ----- Julian Date |
Month # Std. Mesopotamian 1800 A.D. ----- Month # Harranian up to 1260 A.D. |
Month # Laga/Girsu 2350 B.C. ----- New Elba 2600-2200 B.C. ----- Early Semitic (Elba-Mari) 2600-2200 B.C. |
Sumerian Calendar Months ----- Month # Sargon/Gudea 2350-2100 B.C. ----- Month # Sulgi/Ur III 2112-2004 B.C. |
Calendar of Nippur 3000-311 B.C. |
Pre-Sargonic Sargonic at Lagash Aeri o Dg at Lasgash |
Ordinary Nippurian Secondary Nippurian |
OB Mari 1800 B.C. ----- Assyrian 1800 B.C. ----- Amorite 2100-1700 B.C. (1) Esnuna (2) Subat-Enlil ----- Sippar 1900-1712 B.C. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14-15th day is Purim or Feast of Ester. Adar (Addar, 1 Chron 8:3, Ataroth-Adar, Joshua 15:3; Ezra 6:15; Esther 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1, 15, 17, 19, 21, "12th month, A'-dar"). (Pisces) Akkadian adaru or Addaru. Babylonian name Arah Addaru and Arah Adar, "Month of Adar. As seen in Pisces Star names, J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the 28 lunar mansion names: Babylonian #1 Kullat-nűnu, Arabic #28 Batn al Hut, Arrexhe, Al Batn al Hut, "Belly of the Fish." The Canaanite month derivation is "to be dark." Of interest is the Sumerian dirig, diri, dir [SI.A]: n., addition; excess; overdraft; trouble; amount by which credits of an account tablet exceed debits - appears in the credits section of the succeeding period's account tablet. v., to go over; to float; to exceed, stand out; to be extra; to be darkened, eclipsed; to be erased; to be supreme over (with dative/locative) adj., superior, outstanding; surplus; superfluous; additional. ------ The Twelfth Month – Pisces: 12) Sum. ezem-dMe-ki-gal (ezem, festivity + d + me, divine power + gal, of the great + ki, Earth), basically "The Festivity of the Great Earth (Deity)." ------ The Thirteenth Month - Pisces As to the Hebrew Calendar: Note Hebrew 'adar, aw-dar', a primary root to expand, i.e. be great. Added an intercalary month to the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 19th (7 times in 19 years). The 13th month (Adar II) was added every (2 or) 3 years, based on moon phase observation, in order to align length of Jewish year with solar year. Every six years (on average) the Babylonians inserted an extra month, Ve-Adar, into the lunar calendar to keep pace with the solar. The Intercalary Babylonian name is Arah Makarusa, Addari - Arah Ve-Adar, except in year 17 of a 19-year cycle, when the intercalary month was after Arah Ululu. ------ 13) Sumerian iti-diri ezem-dMe-ki-gal (iti, month + diri, additional + ezem, festivity + d + me, divine power + gal, of the great + ki, Earth) the intercalary month, or "The Additional Month of the Festivity of the Great Earth (Deity). |
----- 6 |
Pisces Feb. 19-Mar. 20 Pleasant days, cool nights. Light spring rains. Citrus fruits ripen and harvested. ----- Jan. 15-Feb. 13 ----- Feb. 14-Mar. 15 ----- Feb. 28-Mar. 29 |
----- amar-a-a-si (Pisces) (Both are also seen on Pisces under the Sumerian Calendar, Early Semitic and also on Capricornus under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash) |
13 Iz-qa 2 ----- Se-kin-ku Se-kin-ku 2 (In Pisces under Calendar of Nippur is se-kin-ku, and under the Amorite-Esununa is Kinkum, and in Aries in Volume III is Sumerian iti se-kin-[ku5] and in Aries under the Amorite-Subat-Enlil is se-kin-ku, in Taurus under Sulgi/Ur III is diri-se-kin-ku) ----- ezem-ba-ba (Seen on Capricornus under Sargon/Gudea, also Aquarius under Sulgi/Ur III and also Cancer under Early Semitic) amar-a-a-si-ge (Seen on Pisces under the Sumerian Calendar, Sargon/Gudea and Sulgi/Ur III and also on Capricornus under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash) n/a |
Month 12: itu-amar-a-a-i Seen on Pisces as a 13th month as amar-a-a-si-ge under Early Semitic, and Sargon/Gudea as ezem-amar-a-a-si and Sulgi/Ur III as amar-a-a-si, and also on Capricornus under Pre-Sargonic/Lagash. sa-buru (harvesting). ----- 9: mes-en-DU-se-a-nu ----- mu-su-du (Seen also in Aquarius under Sargon/Gudea) |
12 Se Kin Ku or se-kin-ku "Harvest festival of Enlil." A festival held all of Sumer, the main harvest month, and the coolest month of the year, when barley was harvested. Similar to the Jewish festival of booths, Sukkot during the full moon, a second Akitu festival in Nippur, and in Ur associated with the moon god Nanna. The first Akiti-Sunumun occurred in the 4th month plowing and the Akiti-Sekinku of the 12th the harvest. Month 13: diri-se-kin-ku. As seen here under Calendar of Nippur se-kin-ku is also under New Elba is se-kin-ku and se-kin-ku 2, and under the Amorite-Esununa is Kinkum, and in Aries in Volume III is Sumerian iti se-kin-[ku5] and in Aries under the Amorite-Subat-Enlil is se-kin-ku, in Taurus under Sulgi/Ur III is diri-se-kin-ku. |
udu-su-ge-il-la ezen-ge-il-la Se-i-la The pre-Sargonic name is udu-4i-9e-a-il-la, month when barley is carried to the sheep, and is sacred both to Ningirsu and Nina. Variants: itu udu-4i-.ee-a-ka4, itu udu-gsi-ee-a-il-la. itu udu-d ningirs-kka-ka, from Sargon onward the name is abbreviated to |
Segurkud** .§"gurkud** 12 Semitic Addar, of the harvesting of barley. ge-gii-kud means 'month of the harvesting of barley.' itu Se-giir-kud, month of the barley harvest, July-August, places this month at the end of the year. It is so universally at Babylon, and probably at Nippur in most cases, although others make it the first month. Claimed to be in July-Aug. |
----- 12: Eburum ----- 3: ‘Adhar (Pisces) ------------------------------ l. Hubur ------------------------------ 12: Kinkum (In Pisces under Calendar of Nippur is se-kin-ku, also under New Elba is se-kin-ku and se-kin-ku 2, and in Aries in Volume III is Sumerian iti se-kin-[ku5] and in Aries under the Amorite-Subat-Enlil is se-kin-ku, in Taurus under Sulgi/Ur III is diri-se-kin-ku) Ajarum ------------------------------ Ajarum (Pisces) |