Tammuz or Thammuz (tam'uz, Ezek. 8:14 "there sat women weeping for Tam'-muz" at the very gate of the temple of the true God, seemed to the prophet one of the most abominable idolatries.).
Tropical: May 15-June 13, Gregorian: June 14-July 13, Julian: June 28-July 27.

• Hebrew Tammuwz, tam-mooz', of uncertain derivation, although one source claims it is from a Hebrew root, "to melt down," but was a Phoenician deity (his Greek name, Adonis, is derived from the Phoenician and Hebrew word for "Lord"), the tenth month of the Jewish calendar and the fourth month of the Hebrew.    Philo of Byblos, 14th century B.C. reports that the Phoenician Sanchuniathon states that Tammuz-Adon in Byblos was also the Hebrew Adon sade "King of the Fields."
• Akkadian Tamuzu.
• Canaanite derivation is the name of an ancient Akkadian god identified with vegetation.

Heavy dews in the morning were followed by extremely hot days.    Early figs begin to ripen.

Fig
• Hebrew te'en, teh-ane', or (in the sing., fem.) te'enah, teh-ay-naw', perhaps of foreign derivation, the fig (tree or fruit).
• Sumerian (giš)pèš: fig; fig tree.
  • Sumerian (giš)pèš-duru₅: fresh figs ('figs' + 'fresh').
  • Sumerian (giš)pèš-hád: dried figs ('figs' + 'dried').

    To return to the Sumerian City of Bad-tibira or Sumerian City of Unug (Uruk/Erech/Warka) - First Dynasty in reference to Dumuzid.

   The following is seen also in the Ursa Major Continued Constellation Names.

Babylonian Du'uzu, the name of a god (Dumuzi).

• Sumerian uzu: flesh; cut of meat; omen.
  • Sumerian ezen: festival, feast (uzu, 'cut of meat', + en, 'time').
• Under Cancer in Ursa Major, which connects with this fourth month we find the name:
  • Sumerian DUMU.USH.É.MAH, Polaris (?) the North Star or a Polaris in Ursa Minor.
    The Sumerian Dumuzi, basically consist of the following connections (dumu, son + uš, to stand upon + é, house + mah, high),
    this would equate to "The Son Who Stands in the High House," which could correlate with Polaris removing Thuban as the Polestar.
    • Sumerian dumu: child; son; daughter (dú, 'to bear, give birth', + mú, 'to sprout, grow'; probably pronounced domu), probably faithful son.
    • Sumerian uš, ús: n., foundation (cf., gíš); v., to support, lift; to stand upon.
      • Sumerian úš: n., blood; blood vessel; death; v., to die; to kill (singular hamtu stem); adj., dead.
    • Sumerian é: house, household; temple.   
      • Sumerian è: (cf., éd).
      • Sumerian e₁₁: (cf., èd).
    • Sumerian mah: v., to be or make large; adj., high, exalted, great, lofty, sublime.
  • Another source claims Sumerian DAMU.ZID, "the flawl," DUMU.ZI "rebirth."

    Tammuz was a fertility god widely worshiped in Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine, equivalent to Osiris in Egypt and Adonis of the Greeks.    His consort was the goddess Ishtar (Astarte or Ashtoreth).    Tammuz was noted to have been killed by a wild boar while shepherding his flocks.    His wife rescued him from the underworld.    His death was taken to represent the onset of winter.    The long dry season was broken by spring rains when he came to life again.    The fourth month of the Babylonian and later Jewish calendar was named for him (June-July).
    The star behind it is the agrarian worker (Aries) (LU).CHUN.GA, d. Dumuzi, Sumerian Dumuzi (Tammuz), Akkadian Enkidu.

    From www.lexiline.com it claims,
    "The 5^th of Du'uzu the small twins MASH.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR and the Crayfish AL.LUL (Cancer) are visible.    The opposite of these are Erua and Chegalaju."
    "On 15^th of Du'uzu the lance KAK.SI (?) and the snake MUSH (Hydra) and lion UR.GA.LA (Leo).    The Great GU.LA and Eagle TI8.MUSHEN set.    The rise of the star if Eridu NUNKI is 55 days of SHU.PA is 60 days.    The rise of Bow BAN is 20 days.    The opposite is the star of the Old One SHU.GI."

    To see more about the comparisons of the Ancient Calendar Months with the Ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Semitic, Canaanite, Hebrew, Babylonian and Arabic names for each then click on Ancient Calendar Months.

    In the Tablets from pre-Sargonic (before 2334 B.C.) the Calendar of Ur give us nine month names, however their order is not known.    The following is one of those nine names:

• 4) Sumerian itine-girx (iti, month + ne, this (one) + gir, young mare, heifer, fish + x, number),
  one might think this states "The Month of Many Fish" or "The Month of Two Fish," implying a connection with Pisces rather than Cancer.
      Although the Sumerian ^(ku6)ba: a shelled creature (such as a turtle or a snail); found in a word like sig₄-ba: turtle shell (?) ('brick; wall' + 'turtle'), may relate it to the Fish due to the ku6 indice.
  • Sumerian itud, itid, itu, iti, id₈; it₄, id₄: moon; month; moonlight (te, 'to approach, meet', + ud, 'sun').
  • Sumerian ne: this (one).
    • Sumerian ni; na: he, she; that one.
      • Sumerian ní: self; body.
      • Sumerian ní; ne₄: fear; respect; frightfulness; awe.
      • Sumerian nì: (cf., ní ).
  • Sumerian gir: young mare or heifer; a fish.
    • Sumerian gir₄: kiln (for lime or bitumen).
      • Sumerian gir₄-bil: furnaceman, stoker ('kiln' + 'to burn').
    • Sumerian gir₅: (cf., iri5).
    • Sumerian gir₁₀: anger, fury.
    • Sumerian gir₁₁: to be tidy, neat.
    • Sumerian gir₁₅(KU): noble.
    • Sumerian gi₇: (cf., gir₁₅).
    • Sumerian gíri, gír: n., knife, dagger, sword; thorn; scorpion; lightning flash; road; expedition, trip; v., to stab; to fulgurate, lighten, flash.
    • Sumerian gír-tab: scorpion ('knife' + 'sting').
  • Sumerian x:(used as a number, value) gud-mu-x: x years-old ox ('bull, ox' + 'name, year' + number).
    • Sumerian addir_x: wage.
      • Sumerian bun₍₂₎, bug_x, bu₍₇₎: n., lamp, light; blister; rebellion; v., to blow; to shine brightly; to be swollen.
      • Sumerian bugig_x, búgin: basket (for carrying food) (cf., bunig).
      • Sumerian bunig_x, bunin: bitumen-coated reed container (for carrying liquids) (bún/bug_x, 'blister; to be swollen', + níg, 'valuables').
      • Sumerian kunig_x, kúnin: refined asphalt, bitumen (ku, 'to build', + níg, 'assets').

    The calendar reformed in the Ur III period by Shulgi, king of Sumer from 2094-2047 BC.    Five of the pre-Sargonic month names survived the transition, and the total number of months rose from nine to twelve.    The following is one of the twelve:

• Sumerian u5-bimushen-gu7: (u₅, male bird, intercourse, high + bi, its, and + mušen, bird + gu₇, food, consume),
  as to its meaning it is not known, either "Male/High Bird which Consumes (or is consumed)."
  • Sumerian u₅: n., male bird, cock; totality; v., to mount (in intercourse); to be on top of; to ride; to steer, conduct; adj., (raised) high.
  • Sumerian bi, bé: v., to diminish, lessen; to speak, say (accusative infix b 3rd pers. sing. neuter + e 'to speak') (cf., biz; bi[z]); pron., this one; that one; it; its; conj., and. art., the.
    • Sumerian bi₆ [BA]: to tear; to tear off (with -ta-).
      • Sumerian ur-bi: by itself ('dog' ? + 'its; and').
      • Sumerian ur-bi...gu₇: gather together to finish off ('dogs' + 'its' + 'to eat').
      • Sumerian téš-bi: together ('to come together' + 'its').
  • Sumerian mušen: bird (muš, 'reptile', + an, 'sky').
    • Sumerian mušen-dù: fowler ('bird' + 'to mould').
    • Sumerian hu: bird (earlier word than mušen).
      • Sumerian nam-RI-HU: bird breeder (?) (abstract prefix + 'to tend' + 'bird').    Sumerian RI-HU: bird breeder (?) ('to tend' + 'birds').    Sumerian hu-luh, ha-luh: to scare; to become scared, frightened ('birds/fish' + 'to sweep away').
    • Sumerian anzud(2), anzu(2)-(d)[^dIM.MI/DUGUD^mušen]: a mythical giant bird; vulture, eagle.
    • Sumerian urin, ùri: eagle; standard, emblem, banner; blood.
  • Sumerian gu7, kú: n., food, sustenance; v., to eat, swallow, consume; to eat up, finish off; to feed, nurse, benefit (with -ni-).
    • Sumerian gíbil: to burn; burning (gu₇, 'to consume', + bil, 'to burn').
      • Sumerian ur-bi...gu₇: gather together to finish off ('dogs' + 'its' + 'to eat').

    This file last updated on November 20, 2004, June 18, 2005, and June 30, 2010.
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