Elul (Neh. 6:15 (e'-lul) "twenty fifth day of the month E'-lul").
Tropical: July 19-Aug. 17, Gregorian: Aug. 18-Sept. 16, Julian: Sept. 1-Sept. 30.

• Hebrew 'Eluwl, el-ool', probably of foreign derivation, the 6^th month in the Hebrew calendar and the 12^th month of the Jewish calendar.
• Akkadian ululu, elulu, the month of Ululu.
• Also note that the Hebrew 'eluwl, el-ool', for Heb. 'eliyl, el-eel', apparently from Heb. 'al, al, a negative particle [akin to Heb. lo', lo], not, never, no, nor, nothing, thus good for nothing, by analogy, vain or vanity, specifically an idol, thus good for nothing, thing of nought.
• Canaanite derivation "to shout for joy" at vintage.
  • Shout, Joy.
    • Hebrew rinnah, rin-naw', from Heb. ranan, raw-nan', shout (usually for joy), aloud for joy, thus shout (of joy or grief).
      • Hebrew simchah, sim-khaw', from Heb. çamach, saw-makh', to brighten up, thus blithesomeness or glee (religious or festival), rejoice.
      • Hebrew and (Chaldean) chedvah, khed-vaw', from Heb. chadah, khaw-daw', to rejoice, thus rejoicing.
      • Hebrew çasown, saw-sone', or çason, from Heb. çuwç, soos, or siyç, sese, to be bright, thus cheerfulness also Heb. masowç, maw-sose', thus delight.
    • Sumerian a-la: exclamation of joy ('tears' + 'happiness').
    • Sumerian ul: n., bud; flower; ornament; joy, pleasure, satisfaction; a unit of measurement. v., to glitter, shine. adj., remote, distant (in time); ancient, enduring.
    • Sumerian la-la: joy; charms (reduplicated 'happiness').
    • Sumerian húl (hol ?): n., joy. v., to be happy; to rejoice over (usually with -da-, but also -ši-). adj., joyous.
    • Sumerian gù...ra: to shout ('sound' + 'to strike').
    • Sumerian gù...dúb: to shout ('voice' + 'to make tremble').
    • Sumerian sig₄; še₂₅; še₂₆...gi₄: to resound; to shout ('walls' + 'to answer').
  
  
• Heat continues with brief storms of little or no rain.
• Grapes, figs, and olives were processed.
• Winemaking is started.
  • Wine.
    • Hebrew yayin, yah'-yin, from an unused root meaning to effervesces, wine (as fermented), also Heb. yeqeb, yeh'-keb, to excavate, a trough, spec. a wine-vat, a wine press.
    • Hebrew tiyrowsh, tee-roshe', fermented wine.
    • Sumerian šur, sur: to rain; to produce a liquid; to flow, drip; to extract seed oil; to process wine and juices; to flash, gleam.
    • Sumerian kurun₍₂₎: a type of alcoholic drink; wine.
    • Sumerian geštin: vine; wine (giš, 'tree', + tin, 'life').
    • Note that in Virgo's star names is e Vindemiatrix, which is a Latin word for "grape gatherer," as the Sun was in this constellation about the time of the grape harvest in classical times.
      • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 33 "The star e, in the arm bearing the branch, is called Al Mureddin, which means 'who shall come down' (as in Psalm 72:8), or who shall have dominion."    "Also known as Vindemiatrix, a Chaldee word which means 'the son,' or branch, who cometh."
        • Dominion.
          • Hebrew Ba'al, bah'-al, the same as Heb. ba'al, bah'-al, from Heb. ba'al, baw-al', a primary root, to be master, hence to marry, a master, hence a husband, or (fig.) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense), + archer, + babbler, captain, chief man, thus Baal, a Phoenician deity, plural Baalim.
  
  
• Summer figs and dates ripen begin to ripen and are harvested.
  • Fruit, Dates.
    • Hebrew periy, per-ee', fruit.
    • Hebrew tamar, taw-mawr', from an unused root meaning to be erect, a palm tree; also Heb. timmor, tim-more', or timmorah, tim-mo-raw'.
    • Sumerian á-an-zú-lum-ma: date clusters ('arm, wing' + 'sky, high' + 'date fruit').
      • Sumerian an: n., sky, heaven; the god An; grain ear/date cluster. v., to be high. adj., high.
      • Sumerian zú-lum(-ma): date fruit ('teeth' + 'to be satiated').
    • Sumerian giš-gíg: a date palm ('tree' + 'black, dark').
    • Sumerian giš-si₄: a date palm ('tree' + 'red-brown').
    • Sumerian ^(giš) gišimmar: date palm; trunk of a date palm tree.
    • Sumerian ^(giš)nimbar: date-palm (nim, 'to be high', + bar; bur, 'to release; meal').
  • Pomegranates.
    • Hebrew rimmown, rim-mone', or rimmon, from Heb. ramam, raw-mam', a primary root to rise, lift up, mount up, thus a pomegranate, the tree or fruit.
  
  
• From www.lexiline.com:
  • "On the 10^th of Ululu, the star of Eridu NUN.KI and the raven UGA.MUSHEN are visible."    "The Leopard UD.KA.DUCH.A sets."
  • "On the 15^th of Ululu, SHU.PA d.Enlil is visible (Bootes), "swing, teeter-totter." "The Great Square ASH.IKU sets."    "AB-SIN rises in 10 days."    "The opposite is the Great Twins MASH.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL."
  • "On the 25^th of Ululu, the seed-furrow AB.SIN is visible, and the Scales (zibanitum) rises in 20 days."

    To return to the Sumerian City of E-ana/Unug (Uruk/Erech/Warka) - First Dynasty in regard to Inanna or to Sumerian INANNA.   Sumerian Dingir', the Sumerian Inanna.

    In the Tablets from pre-Sargonic (before 2334 B.C.) the Calendar of Ur give us nine month names, however their order is not known.    The following may be one of those nine names:

• 6) Sumerian itiamar-sag-gu7-dNanna
  (iti, month + amar, calf, young one + sag, head, point, human + gu₇, eat, consume, to feed, nurse ...
  + ^dNanna, divine Bull/Moon god or divine god/goddess of the Human Race),
  which could mean "The Month that Bull/Moon God Consumed The Head Of The Young One,"
  or "The Month that Bull/Moon God Nursed The Human Young One."
  • Sumerian itud, itid, itu, iti, id₈; it₄, id₄: moon; month; moonlight (te, 'to approach, meet', + ud, 'sun').
  • Sumerian ^dAMAR.UD, Akkadian ^dMarduk, which is Jupiter.    Lord Marad.
    Thus the Sumerian amar, calf; young animal + ud, sun, storm (demon), would read "The Young (Bull) God of the Sun."
    Note on the Sumerian amar-kud: separated, weaned young animal ('calf' + 'to cut away from').
    • The following can be found in "The Alpha and the Omega," Volume II by Jim A. Cornwell -- Insert for Chapter Five page 10, and also be seen under Aries in the Cassiopeia constellation section in regard to Zedek, or Gad.
      • The Babylonians worshipped her as Mylitta, i.e. generative.
        • Our Monday, or Moon-day, indicates the former prevalence of the moon-worship (Isa. 65:11 "they that forsake the LORD, ... forget my holy mountain, ... prepare a table for that troop, ... furnish drink offering unto that number.").
        • According to Gesenius and Kimchi, the word troop, rather Gad (a var. of the Heb. gad, gawd), is the Babylonian god of fortune, the planet of Jupiter, answers to Baal or Bel.    The Arabs called it "the Greater Good Fortune," and the planet Venus answering to Meni, "the Lesser Good Fortune."
        • Jerome claims that tables were laid out for their idols with all kinds of viands, and a cup containing a mixture of wine and honey, in Egypt especially, on the last day of the year.
        • Meni (the moon) as goddess of fortune was thought to number the fates of men.
          • Number.
            • Hebrew Meniy, men-ee', from Heb. manah, maw-naw', to weigh out, allot, count set, tell, thus Apportioner, i.e. Fate, as an idol, number, and probably Ashtaroth or Astarte (1 Kings 11:33 "have worshipped Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh the god of the Moabites, and Milcom the god of the children of Ammon.").    Gad is probably the god of the sun.
      • Baal-Gad (ba"-al-gad').
        • Hebrew Ba'al Gad, bah'-al gawd, from:
          • Hebrew Ba'al, bah'-al, a Phoenician deity, Baalim (plural), usually meaning lord.
            • Also seen under the Taurus Constellation section:
              • Canaanite Baal, Baalim.
                • Hebrew Ba'al, bah'-al, the same as Heb. ba'al, bah'-al, from Heb. ba'al, baw-al', a primary root, to be master, hence to marry, a master, hence a husband, or (fig.) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense), + archer, + babbler, captain, chief man, thus Baal, a Phoenician deity, plural Baalim.
              • Hebrew Ba'al Zebuwb, bah'-al zeb-oob', means Baal of (the) Fly, this fly was one of a stinging nature, Baal-Zebub, a special deity of the Ekronites.
              • Hebrew Ba'al Peowr, bah'-al peh-ore', Baal of Peor, to yawn, gape, open, a gap, a Moabitish deity, Baal-Peor, a mountain East of Jordan where the deity was worshipped.
              • Hebrew Ba'al Tsepown, bah'-al-tsef-one', Heb. tsaphown, tsaw-fone', or tsaphone, properly hidden, i.e. dark, used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown), north, thus in the sense of cold), an Egyptian form of Typhon, the destroyer, Baal of winter, Baal-Tse-phon, a place in Egypt, Baal-zephon.
          • Hebrew gad, gawd, from Heb. guwd, goode, a primary root to crowd upon, (in the sense of disturbing), fortune, also troop, thus Baal of Fortune, a place in Syria, and also a Babylonian deity.
    • Sumerian amar: calf; young animal (áma, 'wild cow mother', + re₇, 'to accompany, plural').
      • Sumerian áb-amar: mother cow ('cow' + 'calf').
      • Sumerian amar-kud: separated, weaned young animal ('calf' + 'to cut away from').
      • Sumerian sipad-amar-ru-ga: shepherd of brought back (?) ('shepherd' + 'young ones' + rúg, 'to restore' + genitive).
    • Sumerian ud, u₄: n., sun; light; day; time; weather; storm (demon). prep., when; since.
      • Sumerian ud₅: (cf., ùz).
      • Sumerian u₄: (cf., ud).
      • Sumerian utu: (cf., ud).
  • Sumerian sag: head; point; present, gift; slave; human, individual. adj., first, prime. prep., in front.
    • Sumerian ság: scattered.
    • Sumerian sa-gaz; sag-gaz: highway robber ('head' + 'to smash').
    • Sumerian sa-gaz...ak: to rob (someone: dative infix) ('robber' + 'to do').
    • Sumerian sag-gaz...ak: to slay ('head' + 'smash' + 'to do'; cf., sa-gaz).
    • Ninhursag -
      • Sumerian nin: queen, mistress, proprietress, lady; lord.
        • Sumerian nin (divine god) + Sumerian hur-sag: mountains ('holes, valleys' + 'points, peaks').
  • Sumerian gu₇, kú: n., food, sustenance. v., to eat, swallow, consume; to eat up, finish off; to feed, nurse, benefit (with -ni-).
    • Sumerian gíbil: to burn; burning (gu₇, 'to consume', + bil, 'to burn').
      • Sumerian ur-bi...gu₇: gather together to finish off ('dogs' + 'its' + 'to eat').
  • Sumerian ^dNanna or ^dnan-na (divine Bull/Moon God or God of the Human Race).
    • Sumerian Nanna, is equal to the Sumerian é-u₄-15: full moon ('house' + 'day 15').
    • Bull god and moon god Nanna in Ur.
      • Ur (modern Tell al-Muqayyar) was a Sumerian city in southern Mesopotamia established early in the Ubaid period (c. 4000 B.C.).    The city was the primary center for the worship of the Moon god, Nanna (Sin), and is home to a magnificent ziggurat built for the purpose of his adoration.
    • This is also used earlier in the:
      • Eighth Month (Bul) - Scorpius as the Sumerian itishu-esh-^dNanna.
      • Fifth Month (Av, Ab) - Leo, the Sumerian itiezem-mah-^dNanna.
  
  
• Sumerian INANNA - The Goddess Inanna or Ishtar was the most important female deity of ancient Mesopotamia at all periods.    Her Sumerian name Inanna is probably derived from a presumed Nin-ana, 'Lady of Heaven', it also occurs as Innin.    The sign for Innana's name (the ring-post) is found in the earliest written texts.    Inana, "queen of heaven," Sumerian E.AN.NA.
  • Sumerian ^dnan-na (divine God/Goddess + human race), thus God/Goddess of the Human Race.
    • Sumerian Nanna, is equal to the Sumerian é-u₄-15: full moon ('house' + 'day 15').
      • Sumerian nan: an-na: tin ('sky' + 'stone').
        • Sumerian digir: gods.
        • Sumerian ^dnin-kilim: mongoose ('divine proprietress' + 'herd of wild animals').
        • Sumerian ^dnin-nínnamušen: owl ('divine proprietress' + 'owl').
      • Sumerian na: n., human being; incense; adj., no; modal prefix, emphatic in past tense; prohibitive in present/future tense.
        • Sumerian na₄: pebble, stone; token; hailstone; weight.
        • Sumerian na₅: chest, box.
        • Sumerian ni; na: he, she; that one.
        • Sumerian a-na: what (a,'to', + ni,'he, she', + a,'the').
        • Sumerian a-na-àm: thus ('what' + 'as, like').
        • Sumerian a-na-aš(-am): why ('what' + 'one' + 'to be').
        • Sumerian na-gada: herdsman ('human' + 'linen' ?).
        • Sumerian na-kab-tum: cattle pen (Semitic loanword ?).
      • Sumerian a, e₄: n., water; watercourse, canal; seminal fluid; offspring; father; tears; flood; interj., alas!; prep., locative suffix - where; in; when - denotes movement towards or in favor of a person; def. article, nominalizing suffix for a noun or noun clause, denoting 'the'.
        • Sumerian á: (cf., áhi).
        • Sumerian a₅: (cf., aka).

    The calendar reformed in the Ur III period by Shulgi, king of Sumer from 2094-2047 BC.    Five of the pre-Sargonic month names survived the transition, and the total number of months rose from nine to twelve.    The following is one of the twelve:

• Sumerian Ezem-^dNin-a-zu (ezem, festivity + ^dNin, divine proprietress + a, the + zu, wisdom)
  [Under the Taurus Introduction we find zu₅, wisdom (?) in the following Sumerian ^dNin-a-zu₅-ka.]
  Therefore it is "The Festival Of The Goddess Of Wisdom."
  • Sumerian ezem: festivity.
    • Sumerian ezen-mah: great festival ('feast' + 'great').
    • Sumerian ezen: festival, feast (uzu, 'cut of meat', + en, 'time').
    • Sumerian èš-èš: a festival (reduplicated 'shrine').
    • Sumerian gišbun: (cultic) feast.
    • Sumerian únu: (cf., únug).
    • Sumerian ùnu: feast; chief cowherd.
  • Sumerian ^dnin-a-zu
    (^dnin, divine proprietress + a, the + zu, wisdom) or "Goddess of Wisdom" or "Medicine."
    • Sumerian nin: queen, mistress, proprietress, lady; lord.
      • Sumerian nin-digir: high priestess ('lady' + 'gods').
      • Sumerian ^dnin-kilim: mongoose ('divine proprietress' + 'herd of wild animals').
      • Sumerian ^dnin-nínna^mušen: owl ('divine proprietress' + 'owl').
    • Gizzida (Gishzida) - the son of Ninazu, was a consort of Belili, doorkeeper of Anu, "The Lord knowing the waters."
      • Another source calls Nin-Azu - god of Eshunna.
      • Sumerian a-zu: physician ('liquids' + 'to know').
    • Sumerian a, e₄: n., water; watercourse, canal; seminal fluid; offspring; father; tears; flood; interj., alas!; prep., locative suffix - where; in; when - denotes movement towards or in favor of a person; def. article, nominalizing suffix for a noun or noun clause, denoting 'the'.
      • Sumerian á: (cf., áhi).
      • Sumerian a₅: (cf., aka).
    • Sumerian zu, sú: n., wisdom; v., to know; to understand; to inform (in marû reduplicated form); to learn from someone (with -da-); to be experienced, qualified; adj., your; pron., yours.
      • Sumerian zú, su₁₁: tooth, teeth; ivory; flint, chert; obsidian; natural glass.
  
  
• Sargon's Queen, the Lady Ash (Ash-Nini), Tomb Inscriptions at Abydos deciphered.

    This file was updated on November 20, 2004, June 18, 2005, and June 30, 2010.