The following lunar mansion name fits well with the Star Names of Virgo, but it is not known which one, and I have left it as the "unknown star name."

    J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as:

• Babylonian #20 saša-širû.
  • Babylonian Siru (Spica) Virgo, "the ear of corn."
• Arabic #15 Gafr, Argafra, Al Ghafr, "Covering."
  • Atonement.
    • Hebrew kaphar, kaw-far', a primary root to cover, make atonement, cleanse, forgive.
      • Another Hebrew word is gaph, gaf.
      • Other Hebrew words for Covering are:
        • Hebrew mikçeh, mik-seh from Heb. kacah, kacuwy.
        • Hebrew çakak, saw-kak', or sakak.
        • Hebrew 'ohel, o'-hel, as in a tent.
        • Hebrew maçak, maw-sawk, from Heb. mesukkah, mes-ook-kaw'.
        • Hebrew 'atah, aw-taw.
        • Hebrew tsamiyd, tsaw-meed.
        • Hebrew tsippuwy, tsip-poo'ee.
  • Another source shows Arabic lunar station #13 as Al Ghaf'ar, Al Ghafr.
  • To Rolleston it is the 15^th manzil of the lunar mansion, called "Caphir, the atonement (Exodus 39:35)."
  • In the "Gospel of the Stars," by Joseph Seiss, page 142, the 3^rd name of the lunar mansion, "Caphir, the Atonement, the Propitiation by sacrifice."
  • The Coptic Mansion of the moon according to Kircher is chambalia, station of propitiation, associated with Agrapha, Algarpha, covered or flying covered or Mansion of propitiation, Latin statio propitiationis, connection to Al Ghafr, The Cover (Algarf).
    • Richard H. Allen states: Manetho and Achilles Tatios said that Libra originated in Egypt; it plainly appears on the Denderah planisphere and elsewhere simply as a Scale-beam, a symbol of the Nilometer.    Kircher gave its Coptic-Egyptian title as Lambadia, Statio Propitiationis (meaning station of propitation), which will be more fitting to be in Virgo.
    • Egyptian/Coptic: On the Denderah Zodiac, Virgo:
      • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 33 "Her (Virgo) name is called Aspolia, which means ears of corn, or the seed."
      • Rolleston claims the "Coptic Aspolia, means station of the desired, the branch (Zech. 4:12)."
        • Allen shows: Aspolia is from Kircher, who in turn took it from the Coptic Egyptians, the Statio amoris, quem in incremento Nili du ostendebant.    This, however, is singularly like H Polias, designating Minerva as guardian of citadels and the State, already seen as a title for this constellation; and there was a Coptic Asphulia in Leo as a moon station.

• Spica is a spectroscopic binary star, 245 light-years from Earth, one of the brightest stars in the sky and the brightest star in the constellation Virgo [Latin Spica, from spica, ear of grain].
• Note that Virgo has the ancient meaning of "The Branch."
• J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as:
  • Babylonian #19 šurmahrû-širû.
    • Babylonian Siru (Spica) Virgo, "the ear of corn."
  • Arabic #14 Simâk, Azimech, Al Simak, "Unarmed," or simply without weapons.
    • A remarkable similarity here is seen with the Arabic Simâk, Mesopotamian Se-makh, and the Hebrew tsemach, pronounced tseh'-makh.
    • Branch.
      • Hebrew tsemach, tseh'-makh, from Heb. tsamach, tsaw-makh', a primary root to sprout, thus meaning a sprout (usually concr.), lit. or fig.; branch, bud, that which grew, spring.
    • Another source shows Arabic lunar station #12 as Al Simak.
      • One source claims that the Arabic Al Haris al Simak (Sama) means "keeper of Simak (Spica), keeper of Heaven."
        • Of interest, Spica is sometimes called (pidnu sa samê, Ab-sin, Absinnu) "furrow-of-heaven."
        • Hebrew shamar, shaw-mar', a primary root properly to hedge about, i.e. guard, generally to protect, keeper, watchman.
        • Hebrew shamayim, shaw-mah'-yim, dual of an unused sing. Heb. shameh, shaw-meh', from an unused root meaning to be lofty, the sky (as aloft), the visible arch in which the clouds move, higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve, heaven.
      • Rolleston claims "Arabic Al Zimach, the branch or shoot, is the star now called Spica."    This was based on the "Hebrew Zemach, the Branch."
    • To Rolleston it is the 14^th manzil of the lunar mansion, called "Simak al Azel, sustaining the branch (springs, Gen. 27:37)."
      • Springs.
        • Hebrew chay, khah'ee, from Heb. chayah, khaw-yaw', a primary root to live, thus alive, hence raw, fresh, strong.
        • Other Hebrew are: ashedah, gullah, nebek, ma'yan, mabbuwa, mowt'sa', and maqowr.
      • Rolleston and in "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 33 "Other names of stars in the sign, not identified, are -"    "Al Azal, the Branch (Isa. 18:5)."
    • In the "Gospel of the Stars," by Joseph Seiss, page 142, the 2^nd name of the lunar mansion, "Simak al Azel, Branch of the power of God (Isa. 18:5)."
      • Arabic Sunbula, who bears (carry, Isa. 46:4).
        • Carry.
          • Hebrew çabal, saw-bal', a primary root to carry, be burdensome, bear.
        • Rolleston and in "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 33 "Other names of stars in the sign, not identified, are -"    "Subilah, who carries (Isa. 46:4)."
        • Sunbul, ear of corn (Job 24:24).
          • Ear.
            • Hebrew shibbol, shib-bole', or (feminine) Hebrew shibboleth, shib-bo'-leth, from the same as Heb. shobel, show'-bel, to flow, a stream, also an ear of grain (as growing out), by analogy a branch, ear (of corn).
              • Rolleston claims "Aziman, the two ears of corn (ears, Isa. 17:5)."
                • Rolleston also references a "Al Zimon, the desired."
              • Rolleston and in "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 33 "Other names of stars in the sign, not identified, are -" "Al Azal, the Branch (Isa. 18:5)."    "Subilon, a spike of corn (or the ears) (Isa. 17:5)."
    • The Coptic Mansion of the moon according to Kircher is choritos, station of height and/or depth, associated with Achureth, Arimes, Azimeth, Albumech, Alcheymech, Virgo's ear of corn or Mansion of Height or Depth, Latin statio altitudinis, connection to Al Simak, The Unarmed (Azimech).
  • One source claims that the Mesopotamian lunar mansions list only Se-makh, "Seed-great," which refers to the bright star a Spica, (pidnu sa samê, Ab-sin, Absinnu) "furrow-of-heaven."    This seed in the furrow, represents growth, fertility and dependence upon divine beneficence.
    • Seed.
      • Hebrew zera', zeh'-rah, from Heb. zara', zaw-rah', a primary root to sow, fig. disseminate, plant, fructify, bear, conceive seed, sow, thus seed, fig. fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity, child, seed (time).
      • Sumerian numun, nugun(?): n., seed; sowing; cornfield; offspring, progeny (níg, 'thing', + gùn, 'dots, speckles'); v., to produce.
        • Sumerian še-numun: seed ('grain' + 'seed').
        • Sumerian numun... gar: to sow ('seed' + 'to place, deposit').
  • There seems to be some probability that the Egyptians had a straight line from Spica in Virgo to Arcturus in Bootes, as the original measuring point of the stars which may align with the birth of the Messiah ("The Branch"), or Jesus Christ in Pisces, between n Piscium (no name) and m Piscium (no name), both on the bottom band.
• Other names for Spica: Alaa'zel, Ala'cel, Ala'zeb, Azimech, Spica Virginis, Alaraph, Acimon in Alfonsine Tables, Alhai'seth, Alzimon' (Nubian), Aschimech' incr'mis, Asimec', Eleaz'alet, Eltsamach', Azimech', Azimon', Hazimet' Ala'zel, Hazimeth' Alha'cel, Huzimeth'un, Al Hul'bah, Iner'mis Aeimec', Sakal al A'sad, Semba'let Elean'dri, Sombalet, Sumbalet, Al Simak al A'zal, Al Sun'bulah, Sun'bale, Sun'balon, Sum'bela.

    Virgo's right hand with the branch is pointed towards the north composed of:

• Star name b Zavijava and h Zaniah both an Arabic word meaning "angle."
• What is interesting about these two is they are the western most stars of Virgo, and extend the reach of her left arm with the sheaves of corn, or seeds of wheat.    Both run along the ecliptic at a downward angle h and then b, which aligns with the opposite second Fish or circlet of stars in the Pisces group.
  • Angle.
    • Hebrew chakkah, khak-kaw', probably from Heb. chakah, khaw-kaw', a primary root [apparently akin to Heb. chaqah, khaw-kaw', a primary root to carve, intrench, thus through the idea of piercing], properly to adhere to, hence to await, long, tarry, wait, thus a hook (as adhering), angle, hook.

• Arabic Zawiyat al-'Awwa, "Angle of the barker."
  • It is also called Alaraph, which means "corner of the barker," or "most knowledgeable."
• Beautiful.
  • Hebrew ts^ebiy, tseb-ee', from Heb. tsabah, tsaw-baw', a primary root to amass, thus in the sense of prominence, splendor (as conspicouous), also a gazelle (as beautiful), beautiful, glorious, goodly, pleasant, roe (-buck).
  • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 33 "Zavijaveh, the glorious beautiful (Isa. 4:2)."
  • Rolleston calls this "Zavijavah, the glorious beautiful (Isa. 4:2)," but notes it in Coma Berenices.
• Other names for Zavijava: Zavijah, Zavyava, Zawijah, Zavijan, Al Zawiah, Wa'rak al A'sad.

• One source names this Auva, meaning "the barker," complying with the Arabic Al-'Awwa' seen in the next star.

• Arabic Az-Zawiyah, "The angle."    Angle can also mean "corner."
• J. Epping (1889) "Astronmisches Aus Babylon," provides the Babylonian and Hassan Al-Saba (Saudia Arabia) provides the Arabic source for the following 28 lunar mansion names listed as:
  • Babylonian #18 šêpuarkûša-a.
  • Arabic #13 Awwâ', Alahue, Al Awwa, "Barker."
    • Bark.
      • Hebrew nabach, naw-bakh', a primary root to bark (as a dog).
    • Another source shows Arabic lunar station #11 Al 'Awwa' (Bootes) (Aulad al Dhi'bah - stars).
    • To Rolleston it is the 13^th manzil of the lunar mansion, called "Al Awa, the desired (Isa. 26:8-9)."
      • Rolleston also stated "Arabic Al Awa, the desired, Gen. 3:6 in Coma."
        • Desired.
          • Hebrew chamad, khaw-mad', a primary root to delight in, desire.
    • In the "Gospel of the Stars," by Joseph Seiss, page 142, the 1^st name of the lunar mansion, "Al Awa, the Desired."
    • The Coptic Mansion of the moon according to Kircher is abukia, station of the barker (perhaps dog from the Dog Star (Sirius)), associated with Alhayre, dogs or winged one's of Virgo or Mansion of acclamation, Latin latrantis forsan a Canicula, connection to Al Awwa, The Barker (Aloce).

• The following goddesses are for reference only.
  • Persephone in Greek Mythology was the daughter of Demeter and Zeus who was abducted by Hades but rescued by her mother and thereafter spent six months of the year on earth and six months in the underworld.    Persephone was the goddess of corn, queen of the underworld, consort of Hades because of eating pomegranate seeds while there.    She is sometimes called Kore (gnostic), the young corn.
  • Proserpina also Proserpine in Roman Mythology was the daughter of Ceres who became the goddess of the underworld when Pluto carried her away and made her his wife.    Libitina - goddess of funerals linked to Proserpina.
  • Ereshkigal a (Sumerian/Babylonian/Akkadian) sky goddess abducted to the underworld.    She accepted the god Nergal as her husband.    The elder sister of Ishtar (Inanna).

• In the Sixth Month of Virgo grapes, figs, and olives were processed.
• Also called the "vine-harvestress."
• Hebrew batsar, baw-tsar, a primary root to clip off, specially (as denom. from Heb. batsiyr, baw-tseer') to gather grapes.
• In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 33 "The star e, in the arm bearing the branch, is called Al Mureddin, which means 'who shall come down' (as in Psalm 72:8), or who shall have dominion."    "Also known as Vindemiatrix, a Chaldee word which means 'the son,' or branch, who cometh."
  • Come Down as found in Psalm 72:6.
    • Hebrew yarad, yaw-rad', a primary root to descend (lit. to go downwards, or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy.
  • Dominion as seen in Psalm 72:8. (See Virgo Introduction for more on this subject).
    • Hebrew radah, raw-daw', a primary root to tread down, i.e. subjugate, spec. to crumble off, (come to, make to) have dominion, prevail against, reign, rule.
    • Hebrew Ba'al, bah'-al, the same as Heb. ba'al, bah'-al, from Heb. ba'al, baw-al', a primary root, to be master, hence to marry, a master, hence a husband, or (fig.) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense), + archer, + babbler, captain, chief man, thus Baal, a Phoenician deity, plural Baalim.
• Rolleston in regard to Coma Berenices states "Al Mureddin, who shall come down, shall have dominion."    "Chaldean Vindemiatrix, the son, who cometh, or the branch."
• Also mentioned in Virgo Decan is Cyril Fagin's comment, "The constellation Virgo contains an important star known to the Egyptians of Ramesside times as t3.nfr (tsha-nefre), 'the beautiful' or "goodboy' which the Egyptians of the late period identified with their infant Horus in the arms of his mother Isis.    The Greeks called this star Protrygeter, the 'first fruit picker' and the Romans called it Vindemiatrix, the 'grape gather,' or Ampelos, the favorite of Bacchus.    Ampelos is represented as an infant holding a grape, in the arms of his mother Erigone (born in the morning), because the helical rising of Ampelos ushered in the grape harvest."
• Other names for Vindemiatrix: Vindemiator, Vendemiatrix, Almuredin', Provindemiator, Protrigetrix, Protrygetor, Alacast, Alcalst, Almucedie, Alaraph, Muk'dim al Kitaf'.

• Hebrew shuwl, shool, or shul, to hang down, "skirt" of a robe, a bottom edge, skirt, train; this word, in regard to the Lord whom Isaiah saw in a vision, is best translated "train," as it has been in our versions (Isa. 6:1).