• Corona Australis seems to be part of Sagittarius (just below the teapot), whereas Draco, the Dragon, encompasses one-third of the constellations, or three Ages of the zodiac, which is why it is so hard to place in the decan positions.    Therefore Corona Australis may be either part of Sagittarius, or Draco may be in another decan order, so that it fits into the three decan position.
  • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, and in the "Gospel of the Stars," by Joseph Seiss, both authors ignored Corona Australis completely.
    • My comments: The reason for their omission is unclear.    I am not sure whether the concept of the constellation does not fit their format for the heavenly procession.    Or whether both of them just missed it, although I have seen evidence of them adding constellations that did not exist, or omit others besides this one.
    • None of the stars a, b, g, d in Coronae Australis have names.
  
  
• Egyptian/Coptic:
  • On the Denderah Zodiac there is no representation for Corona, which helps confer with the above omission.
  • In his work “BABYLONIAN STAR-LORE: An Illustrated Guide to the Star-lore and Constellations of Ancient Babylonia,” by Gavin White in his exerts claims, "Up in the northern regions of heaven, behind the monstrous figure of the Hippo and Mooring Post, we can see the tiny figures of an enthroned goddess and a dog-like creature – they are very likely to be representations of the well-known Babylonian constellations known as the She-Goat and the Sitting Dog."
        White's image of the She Goat is seen on page 49-50 shown here compared to the Round Denderah image , which White claims, "The She-Goat is a polite name for the goddess Gula, who is famous as the patroness of healing and medicine.    However, behind her more benevolent facade she also has a darker side as the goddess of witchcraft and sorcery whose power extends far into the land of the dead.    Her sacred dog, which is set before her in the stars, appears in omen lore as a bringer of disease and in world mythology it appears as the guardian of the underworld, where it is often charaterized as the eater of corpses - a fitting, if rather gruesome, symbol of all-devouring death."
        As noted below on Gula per this image seen on the Kudurra (a Babylonian boundary stone) in the stage below ground sits the goddess Gulu, (the earth-goddess; also Ninmah, goddess of the underworld), where the cosmic serpent begins to rise.    She is the patroness of herbs, healing, life, as her flowered garment shows.    Hands lifted in prayer, she sits with her dog, defender of homes, while before her a Scorpion Archer mounts guard at the uttermost bound of the earth (cosmic sea), to defend against demonic powers and protect the rising and setting sun.
  • This is why on the Denderah Zodiac, Draco is in the center, seen just above Libra, instead of as proposed in Sagittarius (under the feet).    It is possible that Draco, could well be located as a decan of Libra with Lupus, Crux, and Corona Borealis.    The Denderah Zodiac allows for it, but then it is also connected with Sagittarius, and seen with Lyra, Ara, and Corona Australis.
  
  

      To return to the Sumerian Aga ^dANim.    More on this can be found at Corona Borealis constellation, or the Libra Introduction and Pisces Introduction.
  
  

• Although most sources claim that Australis was one of the original 48 constellations named by the second-century A.D. astronomer Ptolemy, which places it as one of the 36 decans.
• It is said to be a crown, worn by the centaur Chiron, or perhaps that of Ariadne.    It is usually depicted as a laurel wreath.
  • Crown.
    • Hebrew qodqod, kod-kode', from Heb. qadad, kaw-dad', the crown of the head.
    • Hebrew nezer, neh'-zer, or nezer, nay'-zer, from Heb. nazar, naw-zar', to hold aloof, thus something set apart, dedication (of a priest or Nazirite), crown.
    • Hebrew 'atarah, at-aw-raw', from Heb. 'atar, aw-tar', a primary root to encircle, thus a crown.
    • Hebrew kether, keh'-ther, from Heb. kathar, kaw-thar', a prim. root, to enclose, to crown, thus properly a circlet, diadem, crown.
    • Greek stephanos, stef'-an-os, from primary stepho, (to twine or wreathe), crown.
  
  
• See notes in Corona Borealis, the Northern Crown, under the Libra section, for other similar notes.
• Arabs called the stars of this constellation Al Iclil (specifically a Coronae Australis), which means "An Ornament" or "Jewel."    They believed it formed a cracked bowl or platter.
  • Jewel.
    • Hebrew nezem, neh'-zem, from an unused root of uncertain meaning, a nose-ring, earring, jewel.
    • Hebrew keliy, kel-ee', from Heb. kalah, kaw-law', a primary root to end, consume, prepare, thus something prepared, i.e. any apparatus, a jewel.
  • Ornament.
    • Hebrew livyah, liv-yaw', from Heb. lavah, law-vaw', root to twine, unite, thus something attached, i.e. a wreath, ornament.
    • Hebrew chaliy, khal-ee', from Heb. chalah, khaw-law', a root to be rubbed, a trinket (as polished), jewel, ornament.
  
  
• From www.lexiline.com, "The heavenly steer (GU4.AN.NA), the god of the (wooden)-tablet (GISH)Le, the Crown of Anu."
  
• Sumerian AGA dA-nim, (aga₍₃₎, crown + dA-nim, divine father + high, above),
  thus "The Crown of Anu," or "The Crown of the Divine Father From Above."
  • Sumerian aga₍₃₎: turban, crown.
    • Sumerian ugula-àga-ús: overseer of vassals ('overseer' + 'crown' + 'to follow').
    • Sumerian men₍₄₎: diadem, crown.
    • Sumerian muš_2,3: n., diadem; a city's irrigated, cultivated territory; face, appearance, aspect; v., to glisten, shine.
      • Sumerian muš₄: a biting insect.
  • Sumerian dA-nim which is from (dA, divine father + nim, high, above), the Sumerian an: n., sky, heaven; the god An; grain ear/date cluster; v., to be high; adj., high.
    • Sumerian a, e₄: n., water; watercourse, canal; seminal fluid; offspring; father; tears; flood; interj., alas!; prep., locative suffix - where; in; when - denotes movement towards or in favor of a person; def. article, nominalizing suffix for a noun or noun clause, denoting 'the'.
      • Sumerian á: (cf., áhi) or a₅: (cf., aka).
    • Sumerian nim: n., prince; flying insect; highland; east; morning; v., to be high; to multiply in arithmetic; adj., high; early; adv., above.
      • Sumerian igi-nim: upper country ('to face' + 'east').
      • Sumerian nim... gír: to lighten; to flash ('east' + 'lightning flash').
      • Sumerian sila₄-nim: early spring lamb ('lamb' + 'early').
  • Akkadian symbol for `heaven', the Sumerian dingir , or AN a logogram meaning the god Anum and Šamû, as "sky" or "heaven,"
    but with a phonetic complement ú AN-ú, has evolved from a pictographic representation of a star.
    • Heaven is thus all that is `high' or `elevated', and associated with the celestial sphere.
    • As to d-A-nim, it also is d Anum, "the god of Heaven," d A-num AN-e; d Anum šamê, "O Anum of the heaven," Anum rabû abu ilï, "The great Anum, father (ancestor) of the god," Anum, god of Heaven (Sumerian an).
    • Anum, after the Old Babylonian period the final -m falls off, and Anum is spelled A-nu, Anu (Akkadian supreme god Anu; Greek Zeus).
  
  
• The Shining from the Holy Bible, which complies more to that in Libra for star name of Corona Borealis, a Gemma or Alphecca which means "the gem."
  • Ziz.
    • Hebrew tsits, shining, a cliff near the West side of the Red Sea on the way from En Gedi to Tekoa.    Jehoshaphat had a miraculous victory over a great horde of Moabite, Ammonites and some Syrian here.
    • Flowers.
      • Hebrew tsiyts, tseets, or tsits, from Heb. tsuwts, tsoots, a primary root to twinkle, thus properly glistening, i.e. a burnished plate, also a flower (as bright colored).
  
      To return to Sumerian EnTeNaBarChum or the Sumerian City of Unug (Uruk/ Erech)- Fourth Dynasty, also see Libra Introduction and Centaurus Constellation, all in regard to the Sumerian Ningirsu and the name Gudea.
  
• In Assyro-Babylonian Mythology:
  • The wild boar (EN.TE.NA.BAR.CHUM), d.NIN.GIR.SU.
    • Sumerian šenbar: a type of wild boar (šeg₉, 'boar', + bar, 'foreign').
  • Ninurta (shares some characteristics with Ningirsu)-
    • Chamberlain of the Anunnaki, the war god, the champion of the land.
    • He is the child of Ellil and Mami, and was born in Ellil's temple in Ekur.
    • He is responsible for some small-scale irrigation.
    • He has a bow and arrow, sometimes they are poisoned.
    • He also carries the mace, Sharur, which can act as a messenger between Ninurta and other beings (notably Ea).
    • He can marshal the Seven of Battle, who can generate whirlwinds.
    • He bound the Mountain of Stones in his fury, conquered the Anzu with his weapon and slew the bull-man inside the Sea. (Dalley p. 204).
    • After the Tablet of Destinies was stolen, Belit-ili, at Ea's advice, instructed him to kill Anzu.    Initially his assault was futile, but Sharur relayed advise from Ea to him, which, when it was carried out allowed him to slay Anzu in a great onslaught.    He recovered the Tablet of Destinies for Ellil.    Nissaba performs a purification ceremony on him and he receives the following new names and shrines:
      • Duku - 'holy mound' in Sumerian.
      • Hurabtil - an Elamite god, Shushinak - patron god of the Elamite city Susa, Lord of the Secret.
      • Pabilsag - god of the antediluvian city Larak.
      • Nin-Azu - god of Eshunna.
      • Ishtaran - god of Der.
      • Zababa - warrior god of Kish.
      • Lugalbanda - Gilgamesh's father, Lugal-Marada - patron god of Marad, Warrior Tishpak - similar to Nin- Azu, Warrior of Uruk, Lord of the Boundary-Arrow.
      • Panigara - a warrior god.
      • and Papsukkal - vizier of the great gods.
  
  
• Other names for Corona Australis: Alach'il, Alad'il, Algenubi', Alfec'ca meridia'na, Al Fak'kah, Elkliel' Elgendbi, Al Hiba', Iklil al Janubiy'yah, Kas'ah Darwishan, Kas'ah Shekes'the, Kas'atal Masakin, Kas'at al Salik, Al Kub'bah, Udhi'yy al Na'am.
  • From Richard H. Allen: The Arabs had the title Al Kubbah, the Tortoise, for Corona Australis.    Al Sufi is our authority for the Arabs' Al Kubbah, literally the Tortoise, but secondarily the Woman's Tent, or traveling apartment, from its form; and it was Al Hiba', the Tent, and Kazwini's Al Udha al Na'am, the Ostrich's Nest, for the same reason; the birds themselves being close by in what now are the Archer and the Eagle.
        Al Fakkah, the Dish, was borrowed from the Northern Crown, but among the later Arabians it was Al Iklil al Janubiyyah, their equivalent for our title; Chilmead giving this as Alachil Algenubi; Riccioli, Elkleil Elgenubi; and Caesius, Aladil Algenubi.
        The Chinese knew it by the figure current in early Arabia — Pee, the Tortoise.
        The Germans know it as the Sudliche Krone; the French, as the Couronne Australe; and the Italians, as the Corona Australe.

    This file was updated on November 20, 2004, July 15, 2008, and March 30, 2010.