• Egyptian/Coptic:
  • Corona Borealis -- has no Denderah Zodiac representation, but it is included in Draco.    As we know that Draco, the Dragon, encompasses one-third of the constellations, or three Ages of the zodiac.
    • I have come across and interesting concept to consider.    In "The Dawn of Astronomy" a study of the temple-worship and mythology of the Ancient Egyptians by J. Norman Lockyer, New York, The McMillian Company 1897, as seen on page 148 in reference to his question - Is Isis the chain?, "In the square zodiac at Denderah we find an illustration of the Hippopotamus and the Thigh (Mesket) and the chain referred to in the inscription is there also.    It will be quite worthwhile to see whether this chain is not justified by some line of stars between the chief stars in Draco and those of the Great Bear."
          I am proposing as you will see in Draco that the chain may actually be the Denderah version of the constellation of Corona Borealis.
      
  • In the Denderah Zodiac, Draco is the serpent under the forefeet of Sagittarius and called Her-fent, "the serpent accursed."    Fent means serpent.
    • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 72 "In the Zodiac of Denderah it (Draco) is shown as a serpent under the fore-feet of Sagittarius, and is named Her-fent, which means the serpent accursed!"
  • On the Denderah Zodiac there is no representation for Corona, which helps confer with the above omission.
    • This is why on the Denderah Zodiac, Draco is in the center, seen just above Libra, instead of as proposed in Sagittarius (under the feet).    It is possible that Draco, could well be located as a decan of Libra with Lupus, Crux, and Corona Borealis.    The Denderah Zodiac allows for it, but then it is also connected with Sagittarius, and seen with Lyra, Ara, and Corona Australis.
  
  

      To return to the Sumerian Aga ^dANim.    More on this can be found at Corona Australis constellation, or the Libra Introduction and Pisces Introduction.
  
  

• There is no mention of Corona Borealis in the Euphrates tablets, although it can be considered as "The Crown of the Serpent."
• Latin Corona Borealis : corona, crown + borealis, northern.
  • Rolleston poses that the Latin is in Vulgate Zech. 6:11, and Rev. 6:2, but then the Greek stephanos, stef'-an-os, from primary stepho, (to twine or wreathe), crown, is also found in Zech. 6:11, and Rev. 6:2.
  • Allen stated: It was the only stellar crown known to Eratosthenes and the early Greeks, but they called it Stephanos, a Wreath; and their successors, who had begun to locate the Southern Crown (Corona Australis), added to this title of the original the distinguishing protos; and beta Borelos to show its priority and its northern position.
• Corona Borealis is on the Meridian on June 30, and actually resembles a crown and has many legends to explain it.    It looks very much like a more luminous, northerly duplicate of the Corona Australis.
  
• As seen in Corona Australis under Sagitarrius has many similarities with Borealis.
  • From www.lexiline.com, "The heavenly steer (GU4.AN.NA), the god of the (wooden)-tablet (GISH)Le, the Crown of Anu."
  • Sumerian AGA dA-nim, (aga₍₃₎, crown + dA-nim, divine father + high, above),
    thus "The Crown of Anu," or "The Crown of the Divine Father From Above."
    • Sumerian aga₍₃₎: turban, crown.
      • Sumerian ugula-àga-ús: overseer of vassals ('overseer' + 'crown' + 'to follow').
      • Sumerian men₍₄₎: diadem, crown.
      • Sumerian muš_2,3: n., diadem; a city's irrigated, cultivated territory; face, appearance, aspect; v., to glisten, shine.
        • Sumerian muš₄: a biting insect.
    • Sumerian dA-nim which is from (dA, divine father + nim, high, above), the Sumerian an: n., sky, heaven; the god An; grain ear/date cluster; v., to be high; adj., high.
      • Sumerian a, e₄: n., water; watercourse, canal; seminal fluid; offspring; father; tears; flood; interj., alas!; prep., locative suffix - where; in; when - denotes movement towards or in favor of a person; def. article, nominalizing suffix for a noun or noun clause, denoting 'the'.
        • Sumerian á: (cf., áhi) or a₅: (cf., aka).
      • Sumerian nim: n., prince; flying insect; highland; east; morning; v., to be high; to multiply in arithmetic; adj., high; early; adv., above.
        • Sumerian igi-nim: upper country ('to face' + 'east').
        • Sumerian nim... gír: to lighten; to flash ('east' + 'lightning flash').
        • Sumerian sila₄-nim: early spring lamb ('lamb' + 'early').
  
  
• Classically this is the crown of Ariadne, who in Greek Mythology was the daughter of Minos and Pasiphaë who gave Theseus the thread with which he found his way out of the Minotaur's labyrinth.    Pasiphaë was the wife of Minos and mother, by a white bull, of the Minotaur.
• It is also said to be a crown, worn by the centaur Chiron, or perhaps that of Ariadne.    It is usually depicted as a laurel wreath.
  • Crown.
    • Hebrew qodqod, kod-kode', from Heb. qadad, kaw-dad', the crown of the head.
    • Hebrew nezer, neh'-zer, or nezer, nay'-zer, from Heb. nazar, naw-zar', to hold aloof, thus something set apart, dedication (of a priest or Nazirite), crown.
    • Hebrew kether, keh'-ther, from Heb. kathar, kaw-thar', a prim. root, to enclose, to crown, thus properly a circlet, diadem, crown.
    • Greek stephanos, stef'-an-os, from primary stepho, (to twine or wreathe), crown.
  • Allen comments: The Latins adopted the Greek name and adjectives in Corona borea, borealis, and septentrionalis; and further knew it as the Crown of Vulcan fashioned ex auro et indicis gemmis; or of Amphitrite, probably from its proximity in the sky to the Dolphin (Delphinus) associated with that goddess.    But generally it was Ariadnaea Corona, Corona Ariadnae, Corona Ariadnes, Cressa Corona, Corona Gnosida, Corona Cretica and Gnossis, varied by Minoia Corona and Minoia Virgo found with Valerius Flaccus and Germanicus, and Ariadnaea Sidus with Ovid; these classical designations referring to Ariadne, or to her father Minos, king of Crete, and to her birthplace in that island, at Gnosos, where Theseus married her.    When deserted by him she became the wife of Liber Bacchus, and so took his name Libera; while the crown that Theseus — or, as some said, the goddess Venus — had given her was transferred to the sky, where it became our Corona.
• Hebrew 'atarah, at-aw-raw', from Heb. 'atar, aw-tar', a primary root to encircle, thus a crown.    The stars of Corona Borealis form a crescent.    The following shows it as a kingly crown.
  • Rolleston and in "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 53 "The Hebrew name for the constellation is Atarah, a royal crown, and its stars are known to-day in the East by the plural, Ataroth."
  • Allen states: The Hebrews are said to have called it ‘Ataroth, the Crown, — perhaps of the Semitic queen Cushiopeia; and the Syrians, Ashtaroth, their Astarte, the Aphrodite of the Greeks and the Venus of the Latins; but all this seems doubtful, as also is Ewald's conjecture that it was the biblical Mazzaroth.
  
  
• Arabs called the stars of this constellation Al Iclil (specifically a Coronae Australis), which means "An Ornament" or "Jewel."    They believed it formed a cracked bowl or platter.    The stars of Corona Borealis form a crescent.
  • Jewel.
    • Hebrew nezem, neh'-zem, from an unused root of uncertain meaning, a nose-ring, earring, jewel.
    • Hebrew keliy, kel-ee', from Heb. kalah, kaw-law', a primary root to end, consume, prepare, thus something prepared, i.e. any apparatus, a jewel.
  • Ornament.
    • Hebrew livyah, liv-yaw', from Heb. lavah, law-vaw', root to twine, unite, thus something attached, i.e. a wreath, ornament.
    • Hebrew chaliy, khal-ee', from Heb. chalah, khaw-law', a root to be rubbed, a trinket (as polished), jewel, ornament.
  
  
• Sumerian BAL.TÉSH.A, Akkadian kakkab balti, "Star of Dignity," Corona Borealis (?), or the star name for a (Gemma or Alphecca, the gem, Arabic, the brightest, the shining).
  • Sumerian bal; ba.al: n., hostility; enemies (cf., bala). v., to dig up; to quarry; to tear down, demolish.
    • Sumerian bala('), bal: n., spindle; turn; term of office; rotating fund; annual contribution to the state. v., to revolve; to revolt; to change; to transfer, deliver (to someone: dative); to cross over; to pass through; to pour (as a libation; with -ta-); to turn around, go back (bala-e in marû).
  • Sumerian téš: n., sexuality, sex; shame, modesty (te, 'to approach', + áš, 'to desire'). v., to feel ashamed, adv., together.
    • Sumerian téš-bi: together ('to come together' + 'its').
    • Sumerian téš...kú: to devour; to consume ('to have sex' + 'to eat').
    • Sumerian gù-téš-a..sì: to be united ('voice' + 'to come together' + locative + 'to surround').
    • Other notes are SHA, The Shepherd means "protect," "protector," and also "shepherd," and "shining."
  • Sumerian a, e₄: n., water; watercourse, canal; seminal fluid; offspring; father; tears; flood; interj., alas!; prep., locative suffix - where; in; when - denotes movement towards or in favor of a person; def. article, nominalizing suffix for a noun or noun clause, denoting 'the'.
    • Sumerian á: (cf., áhi) or a₅: (cf., aka).
    • Note that some sources claim that A, house, RIT A, (House of Pharaoh).
  
  
• Other names for Corona Borealis: Aclil'u schemali, Aclu'shemali, Al Fak'kah (also mentioned in Corona Australis), Fo'ca, Al Iklil, Al Iklil al Shamaliy'yah, Phec'ca, Pu'pilla, Malphelca'ne, Malfelcar'ro, Milaff', Munir al Fak'kah.
  • Allen commented: ... and, as early as the 3^rd century B.C., Apollonius Rhodius wrote in his Argonauticae:
        Bayer said of it Azophi Parma, by which he meant that Al Sufi called it a Shield; but the majority of Arabian astronomers rendered the classical title by Al Iklil al Shamaliyyah, which degenerated into Acliluschemali and Aclushemali, and appeared with Ulug Beg as plain Iklil.     But in early Arabia there was a different figure here, Al Fakkah, the Dish, which Ulug Beg's translator gave as Phecca, and others as Alphaca, Alfecca, Alfacca, Foca, Alfeta, and Alfelta; while Riccioli said Alphena Syrochaldaeis; and Schickard, Alphakhaco.
  • Allen continues: Hyde quoted Kasat al Salik, and Kasat al Masakin, the Pauper's Bowl; and the Persians had the same in their Kasah Darwishan, the Dervish's Platter, or Kasah Shekesteh, the Broken Platter, because the circle is incomplete.    Bullialdus latinized some of these titles in his Discus parvus confractus, evidently taken from Chrysococca's Pinakin keklasmenon, a Small Broken Dish, which, however, should read Pinakion (A "pinax" or "pinakion", meaning "tablet," because of its flat shape.).
        The Alfonsine Tables have Malfelcarre, "of the Chaldaeans," Riccioli's Malphelcane, considered by Ideler a degenerate form of the Arabic Al Munir al Fakkah, the Bright One of the Dish; though Buttmann derived it from Al Malf al Khatar, the Loop of the Wreath, or the Junction of the Crown; and Scaliger suggested Al Malif al Kurra, of somewhat similar meaning, more correctly written Al Milaff al Kurrah.    Bayer said Malphelcarre quod est sertum pupillae, the Circle of the Pupil of the Eye; and, although he did not explain this, may have written better than he knew, for Pupilla is the Latin equivalent of Kore, which, as a proper name, was a title for Persephone.    In La Lande's Astronomic Dupuis (circe 1862) devoted much space to his identification of this goddess, the Latin Proserpina, with the Chaldaean Phersephon, taking the title from Phe'er, Crown, and Serphon, Northern.    Thus, if Dupuis be correct, the origin of the figure, as well as of the name, may lie far back of Cretan days.
  • Seen as the French Couronne Boreale, the German Nordliche Krone, and the Italian ancestral Corona.

    This file was updated on November 20, 2004, March 31, 2005, and on July 15, 2008.