Sumerian Kings List

From The Alpha and the Omega - Volume III
by Jim A. Cornwell, Copyright © July 20, 2002, all rights reserved "Volume III - Sumerian Kings List - Agade"

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Sumerian Kings List - Agade

Kings after the Flood, the city of Agade reigns.    Empire of Sargon of Akkad (2350-2200 B.C.) Sargon (2350-2330 B.C.), Naräm-Sîn, Gutians and the Sack of Akkad
    During the empire of Sargon of Akkad around 2350 B.C. changes took place as in the conversion from local competing city-states to the first regional state, an empire in Mesopotamia.    It was a change of political power, with more emphasis on the northern parts in the plains of Mesopotamia.    Trade contacts are purposely centralized with the newly found city Akkad as its center.
    Proper names of rulers are more often Semitic.    Akkadian as a Semitic language became more dominant, although the Sumerian culture still existed for centuries.    The Sumerian language is a scholarly and liturgical language.    Archeological excavations with full stratification results in this period are limited in number, but there seem to be no major technological advancement apart from the continuing Bronze Age.    Royal inscriptions, cylinder seals and clay tablets are not found in abundance, difficult to date and with a large spread in geographical locations.

    As seen at http://www.wisc.edu/arth/ah201/01.mesopotamia.1.html is the following images of a Head of a man, probably Sargon, king of Akkad?.
    Front-view of the head of Sargon

The above head in the Baghdad Museum, thought to be Sargon of Akkad (reigned 2334-2279 B.C.)
First major conqueror of Mesopotamia, unifies a group of diverse independent city-states, establishes the center of power in the north, where before main political power had been the Sumerians in the south. SargonÕs capital city Akkad, (hence Akkadians) which has never been found.
Later kings took Sargon and his dynasty as their prototype; Akkadian became primary language.

To return to Volume I - Chapter Four site for King Scorpion or the Volume III - King Scorpion Updates.

City	King City No.	King Flood No.	Kings Name	Years ruled	Other Notes
Agade	1	81	Sargon	56 years	Other manuscripts have 54-55 years. His father was a gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa. He built Agade, and the dynasty of Sargon is 157 years long.

    One source calls this king Šarru-kin, where another claims it as in Akkadian šarru kënu (Sharru Kenu), the 'true/lawful king' is a Semitic king.    His father was a date-grower - cupbearer of Ur-Zababa, the second king of the Fourth Dynasty of Kish.    Sargon I is dated by some at 2350-2330 B.C., and founder of a dynasty of Akkad (Sumerian Agade).    As King of Agade, he was the one who built Agade, united Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad), became King and reigned 56 years around as some date him to 2334-2279 B.C.    Enheduanna, Sargon's daughter, was the High Priestess of Nanna/Sin at Ur.    The exact location of the city of Agade is unknown, but probably not far from Kish.    Sargon establishes an empire consisting of the entire region of southern Mesopotamia and the region along the Euphrates in northern Mesopotamia, possibly extending to Lebanon.    It is the first real empire in Mesopotamia, dynasty of Akkad and lasts until 2200 B.C. and consists of five rulers.
    Sargon, came from Kish and had a high position in service of the court of Kish.    He was considered a usurper, as in unlawfully seizing the throne.    He left Kish to build a new capital of Akkad.    It is claimed that his father was unknown and his mother was a priestess.    The story goes that as a newborn baby he was sent down stream the river in a basket of rushes, like the later story of Moses and raised by a gardener under protection of the goddess Ištar.    In time he became cupbearer at the court of Kish, and due to a military failure of the current ruler and some confusion about his succession, Sargon seized power.
    As we saw earlier the south of Mesopotamia (Sumer) was under control by Lugalzaggesi, where expansion of Sargon's territory occurred through victory.    He directed his attention to the north of Mesopotamia, to the cities mentioned on inscriptions, such as Mari and Tuttul on the Middle Euphrates (in modern Syria), further north to Ebla, and possibly to Anatolia.
    Sargon succeeded by appointing members of his family to important posts and a standing army of 5400 men.    His daughter Enheduanna became priestess in the city Ur for the city deities Inanna (Akkadian Ištar) and An (Akkadian Anum).    Enheduanna is one of the few scribes in those times known by name (she wrote the 'exaltation of Inanna'), and was eventually dislodged by the local priests because it was against the will of the locals.

    In my Volume I in Chapter 4, I researched the ten kings who reigned before Menes at Thinis near Abydos for a period of 350 years there were nine pre-Sargonic Sumerian suzerains leading to Sargon the tenth.
    Egyptologist give only eight kings or pharaohs who are believed to be Predynastic from the archaic form of writing.    The following guidelines are from the book EGYPT'S MAKING The Origins of Ancient Egypt 5000-2000 B.C. by Michael Rice - copyright 1990.    According to Rice the following arose in Egypt.

Predynastic 1 -- Fayum -- 5000-4500 B.C., is the first in Egypt.
- Other sources date this at 6000-4000 B.C., a hunter/farmer culture with flint arrowheads and stone tools, sickle blades of wood and stone, and crude pottery without decoration.
- In the area of Sumer we find the Ubaid I and Eridu ware as well as the early temples at Eridu. In the twentieth century Sir Leonard Wooley discovered at the mount of al'Ubaid near Ur and ancient temple dedicated by A-anni-pad-da, (king of Ur, son of Mes-anni-pad-da, who was the founder of the third dynasty after the Flood in the Sumerian lists of sovereigns) to the goddess Nin-Kharsag. The first of the divine kings was Dungi, the son of the goddess Ninsun.
Predynastic 2 -- El Tasi and 3 -- Badari - 4500-4000 B.C. who then arose in Egypt.
- In Sumer we see the Ubaid II period.
- The Badari culture had simple clay figures and thin pottery, and the first cosmetic palettes.
- The Tasian had "trumpet" jars used for perfumed oil.
Predynastic 4 -- Merimda - 4000-3800 B.C. then arose in Egypt.
- One source dates the Mirimde culture at 5000-4200 B.C., who lived in circular huts and their pottery was not decorated.
- In Sumer we see the Ubaid III period. Also we find pottery in eastern Arabian sites.
Predynastic 5 -- Naqada I - 3800-3600 B.C. then arose in Egypt.
- The Nagada I culture (Amaratian) dated around 4000 B.C. and its pottery had very elaborate designs decorated on them.
Predynastic 6 -- Ma'adi - 3600-3400 B.C. then arose in Egypt and Hierakonpolis was established.
- In Sumer we find the Ubaid IV period. And pottery is found in Bahrain.
Predynastic 7 -- Naqada II and 8 Naqada III - 3400-3200 B.C. then arose in Egypt and Hierakonpolis flourished.
- The Nagada II culture (Gerzean) dated around 3500 B.C. and they made images in stone.

    In the book "Egyptian Civilization Its Sumerian origin & Real Chronology And Sumerian origin of Egyptian Hieroglyphs" by L. A. Waddell copyrighted 1933, shows a chart of Kings beginning with No. 2 (3348 B.C.) through No. 34 (2751 B.C.), seen at Louis Waddell's chart of Kings, in the column of Sumerian Names in King Lists and Monuments, also the Babylonian List (Kish and Isin Chronicles).

    Waddell continues on pg. 148-149: entitled
DATED CHRONOLOGY OF THE SUMERIAN KINGS, FROM THE FIRST KING
AT RISE OF CIVILIZATION TO THE KASSI DYNASTY, c. 3378 B.C. to 1200 B.C.
    As to pg. 148, "With this fixed date for the Foundation of the First Babylonian Dynasty ... calculations backwards to recover all the dates of the Sumerian kings and dynasties back to the first Sumerian king.
    The connecting link between the First Babylonian Dynasty and the Imperial Sumerian main-line list of imperial kings we have found was the capture of Isin City by "Sin Mubalit" (2023-2004 B.C. Anuha-Mubalit and the father of Khammu-Rabi), the fifth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty in the seventeenth year of his reign, and who reigned as emperor three years."
    Then on pg. 149 "The omission ... for 27 kings of the Great Gap of the Kish Chronicle and its supplementary Isin and Nippur Chronicles, namely kings number 10 to 36 does not affect this dating since the total duration of this gap is specified as 430 years."
    "The Ur Dynasty in the Isin Chronicle gives King Dungi (2334-2277 B.C. Duk-gin or Shamu-) a reign of only 46 years, but his own date-years in his monuments and business documents specify 58 years of reign, which is the figure here adopted."
    The date for the beginning of the Kassi Dynasty is 1790 B.C. at King No. 74 which the List extends to King No. 78, and in history comes to its end in 1175 B.C.

    Waddell and Rice both promote the following in Egypt.
    Predynastic 9 -- Iry-Hor, Ro - before 3200 B.C. and here were found the Ivory Carvings from Hierakonpolis.    Was Iry-Hor of Egypt the grandfather of Sargon?    Louis Waddell's chart shows King No. 35 is dated before 2751 B.C., called in Sumerian Tuke, and in the Indian List Vri-Taka or Dhri-Taka.
    Sargon's grandfather was also King "Khetm" or "Khatm"     Egyptian (Tukhu, Dukhu or Tekhi), Sumerian (Tukh and Dukh) a sign on a cylinder seal.

SARGON' FATHER, the unknown.
    Louis Waddell's chart shows king No. 36 dated as 2751 B.C. is called in the Sumerian List as Bara-Gina, Puru-gin, Pardui-Bazum or Urudu-Gin, or Uraka-Gina, and continued in the Indian List as Pra-Cinvat, B'arad-Vaja, Bahu or Bahuka or Puru II.
    Sargon's father was called "Ro" as inscriptions in his tomb at Abydos on large votive funeral jars of pottery (a bird or hawk sign) and on a cylinder seal (a bird or hawk) of Mesopotamian style.

    The following pages from my Chapter Four are highlights of these two books.

"EGYPT'S MAKING The Origins of Ancient Egypt 5000-2000 B.C." by Michael Rice - copyright 1990.
"Egyptian Civilization Its Sumerian origin & Real Chronology And Sumerian origin of Egyptian Hieroglyphs" by L. A. Waddell copyrighted 1933.

    L. A. Waddell in his 1933 book promoted the concept that the Sumerian emperors of 2780 B.C. in Egypt came to be called the Pre-Dynastic Pharaohs.    Although his dating may be incorrect to 1990 standards some of his views on this subject are very interesting and will be presented where they merit a view.
    Menes was the Sumerian crown prince and governor of the Sumerian Indus Valley colony, which erected Egypt into an independent kingdom.    Menes of Egypt or "Manj-the-Warrior," is connected to the Sumerian Kings Lists as "Manis-the-Warrior," and the Indian Lists as "Manja."    He poses that around 2704 B.C. when Menes rose to the throne.

    From my work -- The Alpha and the Omega, Volume I -- by Jim A. Cornwell -- Chapter Four Section A page 355 and also seen at King Scorpion for information on Sargon.
    This presents the Predynastic 10 -- Scorpion - at 3200 B.C. and was the tenth according to Rice.    Sargon may have been called Ka-Ap in Egypt, at 3200 B.C. where as it goes Iry-Hor, Ro, Scorpion, Ka'a.    Sargon the Great may be entitled as Scorpion.

    The following is from the Sumerian SharGaz under Scorpius Star Names and the Sumerian Girtab.

"When Sarur and Sargaz of the sting of Scorpio are bright, the weapons of Akkad will come...when Nergal (Mars) stands in Pabilsag (Scorpio's sting), a strong enemy will raise [his weapons] in the land...the wide forces of the enemy will slay troops...Mars has gone forward into Scorpio. It is evil." R. Campbell Thonpson, Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon (7^th century B.C.).
Note that the above Ishkara is the same as the d.Ishchara.
- From www.lexiline.com, "The Scorpion (GIR.TAB), d.Ishchara, Governess of all Lands.

One source claims "Two stars on the stinger of the Scorpion: d.Sharur and d.Shargaz," as mentioned above are associated with two star names both in Scorpii. These two names and stars are seen in the following:

Star name l Shaula is Arabic for "the stinger," for it is at the tip of the scorpion's tail.
Star name g Lesath which is one of the two stars making the scorpion's tail. This name is a Latin corruption of the Arabic for "spot," probably refers to a foggy spot in the heavens created by the closeness of Shaula.

Sumerian SHAR.GAZ, and its meaning (šar, enter, to begin, driven out or ^lúšár, military officer, world + gaz, to slaughter, to smash), possibly means "To Begin The Slaughter," as compared to the Sumerian sa-gaz; sag-gaz: highway robber ('head' + 'to smash').
From this point on we look at Sargon's dynasty. Sargon was succeeded by his two sons, the first one was:

City	King City No.	King Flood No.	Kings Name	Years ruled	Other Notes
Agade	2	82	Rimuc	9 years	Other manuscripts have 7 or 15 years. Son of Sargon.

    One source calls this king Rimuš (Rimush), son of Šarru-kin, who reigned for 9 years around 2279-2270 B.C., and conquered Elam and Marhashi (Central Iran).    After the succession of a powerful ruler many cities try to get rid of their adversary, his taxes and tributes.    They do that often in coalition.    They test the military strength of the new king and his determination to hold to the entire territory.
    From my work -- The Alpha and the Omega, Volume I -- by Jim A. Cornwell -- Chapter Four Section A page 365.
    Predynastic 11 -- Ka'a - at 3200-3100 B.C. to Rice.    Ka'a and King Ka (Kad) --- as in Ap-uat and King Ap.
    Louis Waddell contends that, "Sargon's inscriptions as Predynastic Pharaoh Gin or Sha-Gin in Egypt (the so-called King "Ka-ap") compare to Ka'a."    "Due to a narrow outlook of Egyptologists theory that civilization and Egyptian hieroglyphs originated in the Nile Valley, the Sargonic inscriptions remain undeciphered and unread."
    Professor Petrie stated: "The tomb ... entirely plundered anciently; but many cylinder jars of pottery remained in the sand, bearing inscriptions [Seen in Waddell's Fig. 4] which gave the name of 'Horus Ka'," with the personal name of 'King Ap.'    Besides these there are other similar inscriptions of 'Ha, wife of the Horus Ka.' ..."
    Is King Ap the same as Ap-uat, and King Ka the same as Ka'a?
    KAD = (the lofty) Mesopotamian/Sumerian is the solar title as an uplifted hand with fingers erect.    Egyptian hieroglyph shows two uplifted hands conjoined with a phonetic value of Ka.    "King Ka," Ka derived from the sign Kad or Kat, with the final d dropped as a derivation of the Egyptian hieroglyph.    (Note Ka'a).

    Sargon's next successor was:

City	King City No.	King Flood No.	Kings Name	Years ruled	Other Notes
Agade	3	83	Man-icticcu	15 years	Other manuscripts have 7 years. Older brother of Rimuc, the son of Sargon.

    One source calls this king Man-ištušu (Manishtushu or Manish Tusu, meaning 'who is with him?' possibly indicating that they may have been twins), the older brother of Rimuš, son of Šarru-kin, who reigned for 15 years between 2269-2255 B.C.    He also renovated the temple of Ishtar.
    A long inscription on a black diorite stela found in Susa (now at the Louvre in Paris) witnesses of his victory over "32 cities" in Iran "at the other side of the sea", among which was Anšan (Anshan) in Fars, the capital of the Elamites.    The texts report an important goal of such expeditions: to return ships full of diorite, a hard black/dark-green stone used for sculptures.

Sargon's successor before Menes
    Louis Waddell's chart then names Sargon's successor before Menes dated 2670-2656 B.C. and king No. 37a as Mush (Uru-), his son, who reigned either 15 or 9 years.    Mush or Uru-Mush died during "a palace revolution".
    Indus seal (Plate XV, no 8) Appendix V
Reads: --       Uman-ash lu-gal-uru uri-mush.
Translation: -- The One Lord, The great hero, Uri-Mush.

From my work -- The Alpha and the Omega, Volume I -- by Jim A. Cornwell -- Chapter Four Section B page 371.

    The Archaic Period begins a new cycle representing the Unification or the First Dynasty of Egypt around 3100 B.C., and one must remember that in history the Kish Chronicle (Babylonian version) is dated at 2200 B.C.

SARGON'S ELDEST SON (Lost History and achievements in Egypt)
    In the Protodynastic Period (Dyn. 1-2; 3200-3000 or 3100-2700 B.C. the Early Period).
    Waddell contends, Menes (Manj-the-Warrior) identifies with: The textbook says, "Menes appears to be a personage of legend."    King Manis of Mesopotamia was Sumerian Governor of Elam and the Indus Valley colony before he revolted against his father.    He then seized and annexed Egypt from his father-emperor, as shown in the Indian chronicles.    Then he established the First Egyptian Dynasty, c. 2704 B.C., with a fully-fledged Sumerian civilization.
    According to the tradition of Manetho, the first king of united Egypt was Menes, who came from Thinis in Upper Egypt, united the two lands, and established his capital at Memphis in about 3200-3100 B.C.    Some believe he was the eldest son of Sargon.    Petrie dated the First Dynasty of Menes as commencing in 4777 B.C., around the beginning of Taurus, but did not have the modern radiometric dating techniques.    James Breasted declares it around 3400 B.C. the middle of the age; some others suggest 2850 B.C. toward the end.    This definitely shows that Taurus was a period of confusion with a range of 1927 years.    Menes may be a legendary person, or the name may be one associated with Narmer or Aha.

    As seen on my page 372 we begin with FIRST KING OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT.
    1 -- Menes-Narmer - 3180-3100 B.C. according to Rice.    Louis Waddell promotes that the earliest possible date is 2704 B.C., but yet dates Egyptian king No. 1 at 2655-2641 B.C. as King No. 38 in the Sumerian List.
    In Egypt his title is Manj (Gr. Menes), thus M-N and M-N-J, equates to Men, Menj or Man, Manj.    Petrie called him Nor-mer, or Men, where Budge called his Aha.
    In Sumerian List he was Manis-Tissu (in Mesop., Sumerian Manis or Manisi), whose was son of Kin or Sharru-Kin, and he reigned for 15 years in Kish.    Also Manis-Tisshu (or Tusu, Sumerian "The Warrior" thus "Manis-The-Warrior").
    In the Indian List he was called Asa-Manja, Manasyu son of No. 37 Kuni or Sha-Kuni or Sagara, (Sanskrit Manasyu) M-N-S-Y-U, (Sanskrit Asa-Manja) A-S-M-N-J, Asa = "The Shooter."
    Waddell's No. 1 has many names as will be seen (Man, Manj, Aha-Manj, Manash, Minash, Manshu, Mani-Tussi, Tusu-Mena or Aha-Mena, a son of Puru-Gani)

    Menes (Greek name), or Manj (Egyptian inscriptions), in the Indian Puranas he is Asa Manja, or "Manja the shooter" in the Solar version, and Manasyu or Manas-the-Uniter in the lunar version.    As the affix yu means in Sanskrit "uniter," one must remember that Menes is designated by Egyptian tradition as "The Uniter of the two crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt."
    In the Indian account, the Maha-Bharata declares that, Manasyu is of the line of the Prabhu [Paraa or "Pharaoh"], the royal eye of Gopta [Kopt or Egypt].    He was the son of the Indian emperor King Kuni or Sha-Kuni or Sagara, which equates to the Sumerian Kin, Gin, Gani, or Shar-Guni, which was Semitized by Assyriologists into "Sargon."
    Manasyu by Su-Vira's daughter begat three sons Shakta, Samhana and Vagma who were also mighty charioteer warriors.

City	King City No.	King Flood No.	Kings Name	Years ruled	Other Notes
Agade	4	84	Naram-Suen	56 years	Son of Man-icticcu.

    One source calls this king Naram-Sin, son of Man-ištušu, who reigned for 56 (or 37) years from 2254-2218 B.C., which is only 36 years.    Enmenanna, the daughter of Naram-Sin, was a High Priestess of Nanna/Sin at Ur.
    Naräm-Sîn (Akkadian, meaning 'the lover of S�n, the moon god) the grandson of Sargon has collected many feats of arms and has a comparable status and power as his grandfather. He called himself šar kibrät arba'im (Shar Kibrat Arba'im) 'king of the four quarters' meaning the entire known world at the time.    His empire was even larger than Sargon's empire, as became clear after the surprising discovery in 1974 of the city of Ebla near Lebanon in Syria.    He was the first king to deify himself, during his reign his name appeared with the determinative used in front of divine names.     In a victory stela (now at the Louvre museum in Paris) he is depicted with a horned crown, an attribute reserved for deities.    The period when his name appears without the determinative for god, is the period in which he has to deal with revolt and rebellion in his own country.    In the group of texts when his name bears the divine attribute relate to the end of his reign, when Naräm-Sîn is concerned with the fighting of a new enemy, among which are mountain people called Gutians (Guti or Quti) who tried to penetrate from the north.
    Rulers like Lugalbanda and Gilgamesh also appear in lists of gods, but in the case of the self-glorification of Naräm-Sîn he called himself 'god of Akkad', a title clearly belonging to the Akkadian goddess Ištar, the city patron of Akkad who owns all properties and estates of the city.    The self-glorification may have been an act that disturbed the local priests and the leaders of the religious centers in the country (mainly in Nippur, the 'religious capital').    Naräm-Sîn's self-glorification was a clever political act, purposely made to overrule the priests.

    From my work -- The Alpha and the Omega, Volume I -- by Jim A. Cornwell -- Chapter Four Section B page 382.
SECOND KING OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT
    2 -- Hor-Aha - 3100 B.C. according to Rice.    Also in Egypt during this time were Her-Neith and the Royal Tombs.
    In Egypt, Petrie called him Aha, where Budge called him Narmer.
    In Sumerian List, Louis Waddell promoted the Egypt king No. 2 to be Narmer (Narmar, Nar-ama or Abatu) and dates him at 2640-2585 B.C. as King No. 39.    Better known in the Sumerian List as Naram-Anenzu (or "Sin" or Naram-Enzu) or Naram-ba, who reigned for 56 or 38 years, and was the son of Manis-Tissu who was No. 38.
    In the Indian List he was called Anjana, Ansu-mat or Karamba (Karam-B'a), also (Vata-Yudha, Abha-Yada, or Vaggmin) and was son of No. 38 Asa-Manja, Manasyu.

City	King City No.	King Flood No.	Kings Name	Years ruled	Other Notes
Agade	5	85	Car-kali-carri	25 years	Other manuscripts have 24 years. Son of Naram-Suen.

    One source calls this king Šar-kalli-šarri (Shar-Kali-Shari), son of Naram-Sin, who reigned for 25 years around 2217-2193 B.C.    Here we had the first historical mention of Babylon, as provincial city in Akkadian kingdom and it was during this period that the Akkadian kingship begins to weaken, as seen in the Gutium reign.

    From my work -- The Alpha and the Omega, Volume I -- by Jim A. Cornwell -- Chapter Four Section B page 422
THIRD KING OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT
    3 -- Djer or Zer of 3100-3000 B.C. according to Rice, where Petrie called him Zer-Ta, and Willis Budge named him "Khent" of Egyptologists, the "Kenkenes" of Manetho's list.

    Louis Waddell dated this King No. 40 at 2584-2561 B.C. and in the Sumerian List was called Shar-Gani Shar-Ri or Dilipa, also Gani-Eri or Shar-Guni-Eri, who reigned for 24 years.    Waddell's Egyptian king No. 3 is referred to as Guni, Gin-Eri or Shar-GANI- (or -GUNI) Dili-Pa-Rit.    He concludes the successor of Narmar in Menes' dynasty in Egypt; writes his name on his own Egyptian monuments, as Gani or Guni, Shar Guni-Rit and Sag-Gina.     In the Indian List No. 40 is Kunti-jit, Rtu-jit or Khatwanga, Dilipa, and was the son of No. 39.

    Waddell refers to a successor king No. 40a, who was a son of No. 40, dating around 2560-2558 B.C.    The Sumerian List shows four kings Nigigi (? on Igigi), Imi, Nanum, Iama (in inter-regnum), with a reign of three years.    The Indian List names Bhagi-ratha.

    Then who was king?    Who was the king?    Who indeed was king?

City	King City No.	King Flood No.	Kings Name	Years ruled	Other Notes
Agade	6	86	Irgigi	? years	The next 4 kings ruled for 3 years.

    One source calls this king Igigi (Nigigi), and dates around 2192 B.C.

    From my work -- The Alpha and the Omega, Volume I -- by Jim A. Cornwell -- Chapter Four Section B page 400.
FOURTH KING OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT
    4 -- Djet or Uadji of 3100-3000 B.C. according to Rice, where Petrie called him Zet-Ata, and Budge named him "Teha" or "Tcha" of Egyptologists.
    Louis Waddell in the Sumerian List is shown as one of the successor king No. 40a, who was a son of No. 40, dating around 2560-2558 B.C.    The Sumerian List shows four kings Nigigi (? on Igigi), Imi, Nanum, Iama (in inter-regnum), with a reign of three years.     The Indian List names Bhagi-ratha, who was a son of No. 40 also.
    Waddell's pick for the Egyptian king No. 4 was the name Bag-Gid or Bag-Gid-Gi-Ru.
    In my research I found that Uajyt (Uatchet, Per Uadjit, Uazet, Uto, Buto) was a guardian goddess of Lower Egypt.    She helped Isis hide with the child Horus in the swamps.    She was a cobra goddess, winged and crowned with the red crown of Lower Egypt.    A main shrine was at Buto (Per Uadjit, "the dwelling place of Uadjit").    Often identified with the uraeus serpent.
    Michael Rice in his Chapter 3 pg. 122 provides this: "After Djer's reign, the throne of Egypt seems to have been assumed by a woman.    Meryt-Neith compounded her name with the great goddess of the north (Thinite connection).    Only by marrying the heiress could the King take possession of the sovereignty, even if he had been born of a queen.    The queens were called 'She who unites the Two Lands', recalling by this title perhaps the event early in the dynasty when a southern prince possibly married the heiress of the north and so brought the two Kingdoms into association.    The queen was also 'She who sees Horus and Seth.'    There is no doubt that Meryt-Neith was buried with the solemnity accorded to a King: her tomb at Abydos and the building associated with her reign at Saqqara are building of considerable grandeur."
    He continues on pg. 123, "Next in line after Meryt-Neith came the Serpent King Djet or Uadji, whose name commemorates the great serpent goddess of the south.    Uadjet was always one of the divine attendants of the King, with her northern counterpart, the cobra goddess, Nekhbet.    During his reign life in Egypt improved."    Note: They are respectively Nekhbet (also Nekhebet), the Vulture of the South, and Uadjet (also Uadjit), the rearing Cobra of the North.

    Waddell claims the Sumerian List shows four kings Nigigi (? on Igigi) above, then followed by Imi, Nanum, Iama (in inter-regnum), with a reign of three years.
    The following tetrad (Igigi, Nanum, Imi, Elulu) that was kings, and the last three reigned for 3 years between 2192-2190 B.C.

City	King City No.	King Flood No.	Kings Name	Years ruled	Other Notes
Agade	7	87	Imi	1 year	.

One source calls this king Imi, who reigned for 1 year around 2192 B.C.

Agade

Nanûm

1 year

Other manuscripts claim Imi and Nanûm are in reverse order.

One source calls this king Nanium, who reigned for 1 year around 2191 B.C.

Agade

Ilulu

1 year

One source calls this king Elul-dan (Iama), who reigned for 1 year around 2190 B.C.

Agade

Dudu

21 years

    One source calls this king Dudu who reigned for 21 years and dated around 2189-2169 B.C.
    An independent Ensi was the ruler of Lagaš.    Ur-Baba (Ur-ba'u) dated around 2170-2141 B.C.

    From my work -- The Alpha and the Omega, Volume I -- by Jim A. Cornwell -- Chapter Four Section B page 402.
FIFTH KING OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT
    5 -- Den or Udima of 3100-3000 B.C. according to Rice, where Petrie called him Den-Setui, and Budge named him "Ten" or "Semti," and is called by Manetho "Usphaid-os."
    Louis Waddell in the Sumerian List dates King No. 41, around 2557-2537 B.C. and his name is Dudu (Duna, Shu-Dudu, Dana, or Busahap) who was a son of Gina Sag, with a reign of twenty-one years.
    In the Indian List his name is Dhundu, also Soma or Deva-kshatra, was a son of No. 39 and Bahu-bida.
    On pg. 113 Rice claims that the shenty ("the Two Powerful Ones" is combining the two crowns) which occurred during Den, the fifth King of First Dynasty of Egypt.
    In Chapter 3 pg. 126 Rice confirms: "Djet was followed on the throne by Den (Udimu).    This was another high point of the First Dynasty when all the advances in the arts and prosperity of Egypt, whose beginnings were evident in Djet's reign.    He led campaigns against marauding tribes on the frontiers, to ensure that such barbarians would not disturb his Kingdoms."
    Rice continued on pg. 127 and declared, "It was during his reign that the double crown was said to have been adopted for the first time.    It seems also that during this King's reign all evidence of the 'Sumerian connection' ceased and from this time onwards Egyptian forms exclude alien influences until the end of the Old Kingdom."

    I continued with Den in Chapter Four Section B page 405:

    The personal name of 5^th King as Dudu or Dundu(n), and decipherment.    In Egypt this personal name is written by duplicating the "Desert" sign or hieroglyph of a three-knobbed mound.    The phonetic value of this sign in Egyptian has been unknown, and has been assumed by Egyptologists to be the common Egyptian word for "desert," namely "Sem-t," hence read as "Semty."    This relates to Willis Budge's name for Den as "Semti" or "Ten."

Agade

Cu-Durul

15 years

Other manuscripts have 18 years. Son of Dudu.

One source calls this king Su-durul (Shu-Turul), son of Dudu, who reigned for 15 years around 2168-2154 B.C. Enannepadda, daughter of Ensi Ur-Baba of Lagaš, was the High Priestess of Nanna/Sin at Ur. To see the chart of Louis Waddell.

During this reign the Akkadian empire collapses.

City	Number of Kings	Total Years Ruled
Agade	11	181 years. Other manuscripts - 12 kings for 197 years. Others omit Dudu and Cu-Durul, thus 9 kings for 161 or 177 years

    I counted around 201 ruling years for 11 kings, the dating 2350-2154 B.C. gives us 196 years.    If Sargon started at 2334 B.C., then it is 180 years.
    Starting Date 2350 B.C., which overlaps into the previous Fourth Dynasty of Kish for 82 years.    So in chronology we start at 2268 B.C., therefore the ending date of 2154 B.C., which gives us 114 years time frame on the Dynasty of Agade.

    Mesopotamia refers to the area of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
    Assyria was the northern portion of Mesopotamia, who's capital was Ashur, and whose reach included the major city of Nineveh.
    Sumer refers to the southern delta region, whose primary cities included Ur, Uruk, and Eridu.
    Akkad was a region north of Sumer, which included the area around modern Baghdad as well as the ancient sites of Babylon, Kish, and Nippur.
    The political organization of the region was basically a collection of city-states (Sumer and Akkad), which Sargon of Agade united.    His descendants eventually lost control of the empire due to pressures from the Hurrians, the Hittites, and other invaders, not to mention internal pressures.

This file was created on November 20, 2004.

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