• Others state that Mirfak, which is in the waist of Perseus, this star, Mirfak means, "Who Helps."
  • Arabic Al-Mirfaq, "The elbow" of the Pleiades.
  • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 115 "a Mirfak, who helps (waist)."
  • In the "Gospel of the Stars," by Joseph Seiss, page 98 "Mirfak, Who helps."
  • Under the star names of Ophiuchus in Scorpius is:
    • The star l Marfik is Arabic for "the elbow," and it is a triple star.    Also the Arabic Al-Mirfaq, "The elbow."    Other names of Marfik: Mar'fic, Mar'sic.
  • Other names for Mirfak: Mirphak, Mir'zac, Mugham'mad, Mar'fik al Thuray'ya.
• The other name Al Genib means "The One Who Carries Away."
  • In Rev. 12:9 Satan is "the one who leads the world astray."
  • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 115 believes that "g Al Genib, who carries away (right shoulder)."
  • In the "Gospel of the Stars," by Joseph Seiss, page 98 "Al Genib, the One who carries away."
  • Other names for Algenib: Alchemb', Algen'ib, Algen'eb, Elgen'ab, Chen'ib, Gen'ib, Al Janb.

• Famous as the Demon Star or the Ghoul.
• Another spelling Al Ghoul means "The Evil Spirit."
  • Arabic Al-Ghul, "The ghoul."    Allen stated: Algol, the Demon, the Demon Star, and the Blinking Demon, from the Arabians' Ra’s al Ghul, the Demon's Head, is said to have been thus called from its rapid and wonderful variations; but I find no evidence of this, and that people probably took the title from Ptolemy.    Al Ghul literally signifies a Mischief-maker, and the name still appears in the Ghoul of the Arabian Nights and of our day.    It degenerated into the Alove often used some centuries ago for this star.
  • Evil.
    • Hebrew ra', rah, and Gr. poneras, kakos, where evil spirits are demons.
• Another star in the Medusa head is Rosh Saan, which Rosh (Heb. ro'sh, head) + Satan (Heb. satan, Gr. Satano, Satanas) means "Satan's Head."
  • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 115 "Al gol, rolling round (head in his left hand).    Greek head of (Caput) Medusa, Rosh Satan (Heb.), the head of the adversary, Al Oneh (Arab.), the subdued, or Al Ghoul, the evil spirit."
  • In the "Gospel of the Stars," by Joseph Seiss, page 98 "Medusa, the Trodden under foot.    Al Ghoul, Algol, the Evil Spirit.    Rosh Satan or Al Oneh, Satan's head, the Weakened, the Subdued."
  • Allen states: The Hebrews knew Algol as Rosh ha Satan, Satan's Head, Chilmead's Rosch hassatan, the Devils head; but also as Lilith, Adam's legendary first wife, the nocturnal vampire from the lower world that reappeared in the demonology of the Middle Ages as the witch Lilis, one of the characters in Goethe's Walpurgis Nacht.
• Algol's star location fits into the year 2000 B.C. in the chronological time sequence of history.
• Sumerian GÌR.MESH SHU.GI, "The Feet of the Old Man," probably the b star name (Arabic Algol, head of the demon) Persei, this star aligns with 2000 B.C., also know as "The Evil Spirit," Sumerian mesh, feet.
  • Sumerian gìri, gìr: n., foot, feet; step; way, path. prep., via.
    • Sumerian giri_2,3, gir_2,3: n., booty; captive. v., to pillage; to capture; to drive away; to take away; to be taken.
    • Sumerian giri₅, gir₅: to run, trot; to seek refuge.
    • Sumerian giri₁₆, gir₁₆ [ ÌR×Aacute;R]: fortress, refuge.
  • Feet.
    • Hebrew regel, reh'-gel, From Heb. ragal, raw-gal', to walk, thus a foot.
    • Hebrew pa'am, pah'-am or pa'amah, pah-am-aw', from Heb. pa'am, a stroke, thus foot.
  • Sumerian miš;, mèš, mes: young man; prince; son; elm (?) tree.
    • Sumerian uš, ús: n., foundation (cf., gíš). v., to support, lift; to stand upon.
  • Sumerian SHU.GI, Akkadian shibu, "The Old Man," Perseus, see constellation information.
    • Sumerian šu-gi₄: old ('hand' + 'to return' ?, 'to lock up' ?).
• Other names for Algol: Gorgana, Gorgonea Prima, El Ghoul, Alove', Ras al Ghul.
  • Allen states: Ptolemy catalogued it as ton en gorgonio o lampros, "the bright one of those in the Gorgon's head," which Al Tizini followed in his Na’ir, for, with pi, rho, and omega, it made up that well-known group, itself being the Gorgonea prima; the Gorgonion of Chrysococca, Gorgoneum Caput of Vitruvius, Caput Gorgonis of Hyginus, and the Gorgonis Ora of Manilius.

• In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 115 believes that "g Al Genib, who carries away (right shoulder)."    Also see the information in the alpha star Algenib.
• Sumerian GISH.KAK dEN.ME.SHÁR.RA, "The Cart Pole of EN.ME.SHÁR.RA," (also seen in Taurus constellation information) but probably g Persei (no name).
  • Sumerian giš, geš: tree; wood; wooden implement; scepter; tool; organ; plow; natural phenomenon.
    • Sumerian gish, wood or tree, seen as four wedges forming a rectangle - Sumerian giš-gi: reed bank, thicket ('tree' + 'reed').
    • Sumerian giš-gíg: a date palm ('tree' + 'black, dark').
      • Sumerian giš-si₄: a date palm ('tree' + 'red-brown').
    • Sumerian giš...tag: to make a religious offering, sacrifice (often with dative) ('tree' + 'to adorn').
    • Sumerian ^(giš)gi-muš: punting pole ('reed' + 'snake').
    • Sumerian giš-gíd-da: long wood; punting pole; javelin, spear ('wood' + 'long' + nominative).
    • Sumerian gazinbu, gazimbi, gazibu: pole; stake; beam.
    • Sumerian mudla, madlu, mudul: pole; stake (mud, 'a right-angled tool', + lal/lá, 'to hang').
  • Sumerian kak: (cf., gag).
    • Sumerian ^(giš)gag, kak: peg; nail, spike; bone; hinge, joint, knee.
    • Sumerian mangaga, 'palm fiber, bast' = man, 'equal, partner' + gag, 'nail, peg' + a(k), 'of'.
    • Sumerian gag-ha-har-ra-na: a peg or nail ('peg' + 'roads' ?).
    • Sumerian gag-maš: a peg or nail ('peg' + 'one-half').
    • Sumerian gag-zag-ga: side (?) peg ('peg' + 'side, boundary').
  • Seen under Taurus constellation information is the Sumerian EN.ME.SHÁR.RA, which builds as (en, lord + me, power, divine decree + šár, totality, world + ra, nominative ending, overflow, or with šár-ra, temple) leaving the meaning possibly as "universal decrees of divine authority of the (lord) spiritual head of the temple."
    • Also note that the: RA, Sumerian Re, "Sun, bright, Sun-god."
    • In Assyro-Babylonian Mythology we find Enmesharra - as an Underworld god, who was possibly slain by Ellil (Enlil) - Sumerian for "wind/storm-god".
    • From www.lexiline.com, "Perseus, the Old Man (SHU.GI), ... d.Enmesharra."
    • In "Hamlet's Mill" by Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von Dechend, Gambit Inc. 1969 it states on page 266-277, "EN.ME.SARRA, 'Lord of all the me,' ... Lord of 'norms and measures,' 'Lord of the World Order,' ... 'Lord of the Universe' equal to Ea.    Enmesharra, is Enki-Ea, Enmesharra's chariot is the vehicle of Auriga, b and z Taurii."

• Sumerian GABA SHU.GI, "The Chest of the Old Man," probably d Persei (no name).
  • Sumerian gaba: breast; chest; side (of a field or mountain) (ga, 'milk', + ba, 'to give').
  • Breast.
    • Hebrew chazeh, khaw-zeh, from Heb. chazah, khaw-zaw', the breast.
  • Chest.
    • Hebrew arown, aw-rone' or aron, from Heb. arah, aw-raw', to pluck, thus gathering, a box, ark, chest, coffin.
  • Sumerian šu-gi₄: old ('hand' + 'to return' ?, 'to lock up' ?).
    • Sumerian šu: n., hand; share, portion, bundle; strength; v., to pour.
      • Sumerian šú: (cf., šuš₍₂₎).
      • Sumerian šu₁₂: (cf., šùde).
    • Sumerian gi₍₄₎: to surround, besiege; to lock up.
      • Sumerian gi₄, ge₄: to return, come back; to send (back) (with -ši-); to restore; to answer (person to whom answer is given resumed by dative prefix, and with -ni-).
      • Sumerian gi: reed; length measure.
        • Sumerian gí, gé: reed mat.
      • Sumerian gi(n), ge(n): v., to act justly; to stabilize, strengthen; to confirm; to establish something as the property of someone (dative); adj., just; firm; fixed; reliable.
      • Sumerian gi₍₁₇₎: n., young man; adj., small.
      • Sumerian gi₇: (cf., gir₁₅).

• May be called Miram.

• Arabic Al-Mankib, "The shoulder" of the Pleiades.
• Other names for Menkib: Menkhab, Menchib.

• Arabic Al-'Atiq, "shoulder" (of the Pleiades).
• One source claims Atik or Athik, means, "who breaks."
  • In "The Witness of the Stars," by E.W. Bullinger, page 115 believes that "z Athik, who breaks (left foot)."
  • In the "Gospel of the Stars," by Joseph Seiss, page 98 "Atik, He who breaks."
• Other names for Atik: Al 'Atik.

    The open clusters for h and c are magnificent objects.


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